益生菌发酵对苹果浆理化性质、抗氧化活性及挥发性风味的影响

目的 探究益生菌发酵对苹果浆理化性质、抗氧化活性及挥发性风味物质的影响。方法 测定苹果浆发酵过程中活菌数、pH、总酸、总糖、还原糖、总酚、黄酮、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP)和2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)ammoniumsalt,ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力,同时比较了发酵前后挥发性风味物质的变化。结果 发酵体系中活菌数、总酚、黄酮在发酵第3d时达到最大值,分别较发酵前提高了12.63%、17.63%和22.06%;FRAP与ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力在发酵第4d达到最大值,分别较发酵前提高了42.47%和10.45%;可滴定酸含量与DPPH自由基清除能力随着发酵时间的延长逐渐增加,发酵第7 d时,分别升高了126.34%和26.32%; pH、总糖、还原糖含量较...     

Analysis of brandy aroma by solid‐phase microextraction and liquid–liquid extraction

Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and continuous liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) with Freon were used to extract and analyse aroma volatiles in brandy. In general, SPME using a non‐polar polydimethylsiloxane coating was more selective for esters and acids than was LLX. LLX using Freon 11 extracted the higher alcohols more efficiently than SPME. Relative differences in volatiles between brandies made from Vitis vinifera L cv Colombard and Vitis vinifera L cv Ugni blanc were observed, particularly for hexanol, 3‐methylbutylacetate, 3‐methylbutanol and 3‐methylbutyloctanoate. In addition, a combination of SPME with GC–olfactometry was used to provide more detailed information on sensory characteristics of varietal brandies. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

酶法水解虾头生产虾调味汁

本文报告了利用中性蛋白酶水解虾头生产虾调味汁的研究。实验结果表明,水解虾头生产虾调味汁的最佳条件是在酶用量1.4%,水解时间20小时,水解温度40℃,ph6.8。在此条件下,虾头的水解率可达33.6%。水解液具有浓郁的虾风味,可作为调味汁。     

大豆磷脂产品质量控制——大豆磷脂的颜色和风味

综述了大豆磷脂颜色的来源 ,大豆磷脂褐色物质的生成。介绍了磷脂中产生各种气味的物质和油脂加工过程中混合油吸附过滤和脱色、水化脱胶工艺条件、脱胶剂对大豆磷脂颜色的影响。对磷脂制备工艺中常采用的过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化氢化学脱色法以及浓缩磷脂的白土脱色、浓缩磷脂活性炭吸附脱色作了介绍     

氧在啤酒生产中的作用,影响及消除方法

本文通过对氧气在啤酒生产过程中的作用，影响和危害的分析，对啤酒生产过程的设备工艺进行改造调整，以及对回收的ＣＯ２在酿造，过滤和包装等过程的全用，降低成品啤酒中含氨量，减少啤酒的氧化味，提高产品的质量。     

我国食用香料香精的基本状况与发展趋势

食用香料是食品添加剂中数量最多、使用面较广的一类添加剂。近几年我国食用香料香精发展较快,国标GB2760-1996中规定的允许使用的食用香料总共有1283种,本文对我国的食用香料香精的发展趋势进行了简单论述。     

中温发酵酸乳的游离氨基酸、脂肪酸和感官特性的研究

采用正交设计试验研究了球杆菌比例、全脂乳浓度、发酵终点以及蔗糖添加量对中温发酵酸乳的风味和游离氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的影响。以9个不同的酸乳工艺配方为研究对象,采用主成分分析法(PCA)研究了不同样品的感官特征和游离氨基酸,脂肪酸含量。采用偏最小二乘回归分析法(PLSR)研究了感官结果和仪器测定结果的相关性。结果表明,球杆菌比例和全脂乳浓度是影响奶香味酸味、游离氨基酸量,脂肪酸量的重要因素。偏最小二乘回归分析表明酸乳气味与脂肪酸相关性较强,而风味和余味与游离氨基酸相关性强。     

The Contribution of 4‐Hydroxyfuranone Derivatives to the Aroma of Commercial Beers and Malts

Analysis of hot water extracts from a range of commercial malts showed that 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)furanone (DMHF) varied from undetectable (lager malt) to 4.2 mg/litre (crystal malt), a concentration twenty‐six times the flavour threshold in water. 5‐Methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3 (2H)furanone (MHF) was detected in all samples except one but was always well under its flavour threshold value. 2(or 5)‐Ethyl‐5(or 2)‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)furanone (EMHF) was not detected in any of the samples. Fermentation of lager, ale and crystal malt extracts with an ale strain of yeast led to the appearance of EMHF in all cases as well as additional DMHF. The greatest increases in both compounds was with the ale malt. Both increases and decreases occurred in MHF concentration as a result of fermentation but final levels were always well below the flavour threshold value. Analysis of ten commercial beers found DMHF in all the samples and in five cases levels exceeded twice the flavour threshold value in beer with flavour units from 2.4 to 9.1. A flavour panel noted that in four of these cases the beer had a distinctly sweet/caramel aroma which is typical of DMHF. EMHF was undetectable in six samples, detectable, but unquantifiable, in three cases but at about 80% of the flavour threshold value in the remaining sample. MHF was found in all samples but at insignificant levels. The results show that DMHF is an important flavour compound in British ales and EMHF may make a contribution in a limited number of situations. The contribution of malt type, brewery processing and yeast strain in determining the concentration of the two 4‐hydroxyfuranones in beer remains uncertain.     

Properties of encapsulated wasabi flavour and its application in canned food

The encapsulated wasabi flavour prepared from 100% modified starch (HICAP^? 100), HICAP^? 100: maltodextrin (1:1), HICAP^? 100:CAPSUL (1:1) at various flavouring agent concentrations (10, 15 or 20% w/w) was determined for physicochemical properties. All encapsulated treatments were stored at various relative humidity (RH) levels (11%, 33% and 52% RH) and intervally evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (EE) during 60 days of storage. Microcapsules of 20% wasabi flavour derived from the mixture of HICAP^? 100 with maltodextrin and HICAP^? 100 with CAPSUL demonstrated excellent properties including low moisture content, acceptable flowing properties, surface appearance and EE. The release rate of encapsulated flavour increased as the RH increased for most encapsulated treatments. A difference‐from‐control test was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of wasabi‐flavour retention added in the canned tuna spread. The intensity of wasabi‐flavour retention in the canned tuna spread with encapsulated flavour agents added was higher than that of the samples without flavour encapsulation.