利用脱脂花生饼粕生产豆腐的研究

本文研究了大豆中掺合花生及其脱脂饼粕所制备的豆腐的品质和出率,发现掺合脱脂花生粕的效果最好,其次是半脱脂花生饼,再次是未脱脂花生。花生饼粕的掺合量可达20％,豆腐制品质地均匀,外表光滑,结构稳定,风味比100％大豆制品好。     

花生奶茶的开发研制

以花生和红茶为原料，采用特殊的加工工艺开发出花生奶茶。并运用正交试验对影响工艺的主要因素进行了设计，当花生乳70％、红茶汁5％、糖3％和稳定剂0．2％时结果最佳。     

浓香花生油特殊脱胶工艺的研究

对生产浓香花生油的工艺进行叙述 ,通过生产试验找到浓香花生油最佳脱胶方法 ,并对影响特殊脱胶工艺的过滤介质、过滤时油脂温度、冷却时间等因素进行了研究。     

花生红衣中原花色素超声提取工艺的优化

利用响应面分析法对花生红衣中原花色素的提取工艺进行了优化。在PB实验设计的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,选取三因素三水平进行响应面分析,确定各工艺条件的影响因子,以原花色素提取液吸光值为响应值进行响应面分析。实验结果表明:乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声温度对原花色素的提取有较显著影响,花生红衣中原花色素最优提取工艺为:乙醇浓度:61.09%、超声时间:22.35min、超声温度:45.64℃,此时得率为10.6mg/g。     

Fate of Salmonella Tennessee in peanut butter at 4 and 22 degrees C

ABSTRACT:  This study was undertaken to determine survival characteristics of inocula of a 3-strain mixture of Salmonella Tennessee in 5 commercial brands of peanut butter (A, B, C, D, and E). Inoculated peanut butter was stored at 4 (refrigerator temperature) and 22 °C (room temperature) for up to 14 d. After 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d, surviving cells, including injured cells, were enumerated on appropriate selective agar, including use of the agar overlay method. Populations in samples inoculated with 10^6–7 CFU/g and stored for 14 d at 4 and 22 °C decreased by 0.15 to 0.65 and 0.34 to 1.29 log CFU/g, respectively, depending on the formulation. Peanut butter A showed a significantly lower number of S . Tennessee cells when stored at 22 °C for 14 d, compared to 4 °C ( P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the levels of S. Tennessee at 4 and 22 °C in products B, C, D, and E ( P > 0.05).     

Isolation of recombinant antibody fragments (scFv) by phage display technology for detection of almond allergens in food products

Tree nut allergies are considered an important health issue in developed countries. To comply with the regulations on food labeling, reliable allergen detection methods are required. In this work we isolated almond-specific recombinant antibody fragments (scFv) from a commercial phage display library bypassing the use of live animals, hence being consistent with the latest policies on animal welfare. To this end an iterative selection procedure employing the Tomlinson I phage display library and a crude almond protein extract was carried out. Two different almond-specific scFv (named PD1F6 and PD2C9) were isolated after two rounds of biopanning, and an indirect phage ELISA was implemented to detect the presence of almond protein in foodstuffs. The isolated scFvs demonstrated to be highly specific and allowed detection of 40 ng mL⁻¹ and 100 ng mL⁻¹ of raw and roasted almond protein, respectively. The practical detection limit of the assay in almond spiked food products was 0.1 mg g⁻¹ (110–120 ppm). The developed indirect phage ELISA was validated by analysis of 92 commercial food products, showing good correlation with the results obtained by a previously developed real-time PCR method for the detection of almond in foodstuffs. The selected phage clones can be affinity maturated to improve their sensitivity and genetically engineered to be employed in different assay formats.     

吸附法脱除花生油中苯并(a)芘的效果研究

为了降低花生油中的苯并(a)芘含量,同时兼顾花生油色泽,采用活性炭和活性白土复合吸附剂对花生油中苯并(a)芘进行吸附脱除,通过单因素实验研究了活性炭种类、复合吸附剂添加量、复合吸附剂配比、吸附温度和吸附时间对花生油中苯并(a)芘脱除效果的影响,并采用正交实验对吸附工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：活性白土和FC1X活性炭复合对花生油中的苯并(a)芘具有最好的脱除效果,最优工艺条件为复合吸附剂添加量2%、活性白土与FC1X活性炭质量比20∶1、吸附时间20 min、吸附温度130℃,在最优条件下花生油中的苯并(a)芘含量降至0.12μg/kg,远小于欧盟限量2μg/kg,色泽为Y10、R0.7。复合吸附剂能有效吸附脱除花生油中99%以上的苯并(a)芘,且花生油呈淡黄色、澄清透明,满足企业生产要求。     

UHT-Sterilized Peanut Beverages: Kinetics of Physicochemical Changes during Storage and Shelf-Life Prediction Modeling

Strawberry-flavored (S04) and chocolate-flavored (C04 and C20) peanut beverages UHT-sterilized (137 °C, 4 sec or 20 sec) and aseptically filled in Tetra Briks were stored for 6 mo at 5, 20 and 35 °C. Sensory characteristics and kinetics of physicochemical changes were studied. The changes were of zero (pH of S04, and sedimentation and homogenization indices of all beverages) and first (pH of C04 and C20, viscosity and color lightness of all beverages) order. Reaction rate constant and Gibb's free energy increased with temperature. Activation energy followed Arrhenius equation. Deterioration in beverage sensory qualities highly correlated with increase in sedimentation index and decrease in pH and emulsion stability. Shelf-life prediction models were constructed based on sensory and kinetics data. The shelf-life was estimated to be 4–7 mo for beverages stored at 30–35 °C.     

Whey Protein Coating Effect on The Oxygen Uptake of Dry Roasted Peanuts

A procedure was developed to coat peanuts with aqueous whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions based on increasing coating-solution viscosity. Oxygen uptake of WPI-coated nuts and uncoated nuts were compared. WPI coatings delayed oxygen uptake of dry roasted peanuts at intermediate (53%) and low (21%) storage relative humidity. They had similar results at 29°C and 37°C. The effects of coating thickness and storage relative humidity indicate that the mechanism of protection of the coatings was through their oxygen barrier properties.     

SYBRGreenER™ Real-Time PCR to detect almond in traces in processed food

Because food ingredients are sometimes considered as causative factors in IgE mediated food allergies, DNA-based tests may prove to be very useful to establish whether allergenic species have been used in foodstuffs production. The development of two SYBR^®GreenER™ Real-Time PCR assays, targeting Pru 1 and rbcL genes, based on melting curve analysis, to detect allergen species in food has been presented. Applicability of these methods was assessed with several commercial products containing processed almond.