花生蔓不同部位黄酮含量的研究

花生蔓中含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,采用分光光度法,以芦丁为标准品,测定花生蔓中不同部位总黄酮含量.通过L9(34)正交试验设计,考察了提取条件与黄酮提取量的关系.结果表明,花生蔓中黄酮类物质的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度60%,提取温度65℃,料液比1g∶40ml,超声时间20min.     

新型婴儿断奶食品的研究

研究了以花生和小米为主要原料的新型婴儿断奶食品的诸多影响因素。结果表明，花生的最佳烘烤条件是120℃，时间10min,最佳浸泡时间是常温下(花生：水=1：2，质量比)8h；α-淀粉酶水解小米淀粉最适时间是20min；产品的最佳配方是动物蛋白：植物蛋白=2：1(质量比)；最终产品的溶解度为98．26％。该产品具有较高的蛋白质含量和很好的溶解性，适合断奶期婴儿食用。     

超声波辅助提取花生壳总黄酮工艺的优化

目的：确定超声波辅助提取花生壳总黄酮的工艺条件。方法：以花生壳总黄酮提取率为指标,以乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度为因素进行试验设计,对超声波辅助提取花生壳总黄酮的工艺进行优化研究。结果：超声波辅助提取花生壳总黄酮的最佳工艺条件是超声功率120W、频率40Kz条件下,乙醇浓度70%、料液比1：30、提取温度55℃、提取时间40min,此条件下花育16品种成熟花生壳的总黄酮提取率为1.98%,远高于目前相关文献报道的花生壳总黄酮提取率。结论：本试验结果可作为超声波辅助提取花生壳总黄酮工艺制定的依据。     

吸附法脱除花生油中苯并(a)芘的效果研究

为了降低花生油中的苯并(a)芘含量,同时兼顾花生油色泽,采用活性炭和活性白土复合吸附剂对花生油中苯并(a)芘进行吸附脱除,通过单因素实验研究了活性炭种类、复合吸附剂添加量、复合吸附剂配比、吸附温度和吸附时间对花生油中苯并(a)芘脱除效果的影响,并采用正交实验对吸附工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：活性白土和FC1X活性炭复合对花生油中的苯并(a)芘具有最好的脱除效果,最优工艺条件为复合吸附剂添加量2%、活性白土与FC1X活性炭质量比20∶1、吸附时间20 min、吸附温度130℃,在最优条件下花生油中的苯并(a)芘含量降至0.12μg/kg,远小于欧盟限量2μg/kg,色泽为Y10、R0.7。复合吸附剂能有效吸附脱除花生油中99%以上的苯并(a)芘,且花生油呈淡黄色、澄清透明,满足企业生产要求。     

Stability of Tocopherols and Retinyl Palmitate in Snack Extrudates

ABSTRACT: Fish- and peanut-containing half-products were obtained by extruding and drying tocopherol- and retinyl palmitate-fortified mixtures of tapioca starch and minced fish or partially defatted peanut flour (PDPF 60:40, wet basis). Half-products were puffed by deep-fat frying. Vitamins were determined simultaneously at each step of snack production using a direct solvent extraction method. Extrusion significantly reduced the content of tocopherols and retinyl palmitate in both products. Reduction of retinyl palmitate in fish and peanut extrudates during snack production was 48% and 27%, respectively. Final products contained more tocopherol than intermediates because of the high tocopherol content in the frying oil and its uptake.     

超声波诱导降解花生壳制备还原糖的研究

以花生壳为原料,采用超声波和NaHSO4.H2O固体酸水解制备还原糖。探讨超声波功率、反应时间、反应温度、固体酸用量对还原糖得率的影响。采用响应面法建立二次回归模型,并对水解工艺进行优化。研究结果表明,反应温度61.77℃,固体酸用量5.88%和反应时间124.14 min,还原糖的得率可达到80.72%,比在相同工艺条件下未经超声波协同处理的得率提高了27.38%。     

新昌小京生花生的营养品质分析

目的:对浙江省新昌地区产花生品种小京生的基本理化性质、主要营养素含量、脂肪酸组成进行了研究。方法:采用直接干燥法测定水分含量,采用凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质含量,采用索氏测定粗脂肪含量,提取的油脂经甲酯化后用GS-MS分析脂肪酸组成。结果:小京生水分含量为4.98%、蛋白质含量24.48%、粗脂肪含量47.65%。油脂的主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,占总脂肪酸的80.72%,其中油酸占54.88%,饱和脂肪酸占18.39%,油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值为2.20。结论:小京生比普通花生含有更多蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸,是营养价值优良的花生品种。     

超声波辅助SDS反胶束前萃花生蛋白研究

采用SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)/异辛烷―正辛醇反胶束体系萃取花生蛋白,并采用超声波辅助萃取,主要研究全脂花生粉加入量、缓冲溶液pH值、萃取时间、萃取温度、超声波功率、KCl浓度、SDS浓度、Wo对蛋白萃取率影响。设计正交实验优化萃取工艺,结果表明,最优前萃工艺条件为:花生粉加入量0.015 g/mL、缓冲溶液pH值9、萃取时间40 min、萃取温度35℃、超声波功率270 W、KCl浓度0.25 mol/L、SDS浓度0.07 g/mL、Wo为24;在此条件下,花生蛋白萃取率为89.62%±1.15%。     

超高压结合酶法消减南美白对虾蛋白过敏原研究

以南美白对虾为研究对象,提取水溶性虾蛋白,采用超高压法、超高压处理后再用木瓜蛋白酶水解、超高压下直接酶解等方法消减其过敏原蛋白,用间接酶联免疫吸附法检测过敏原消减效果,确定消减过敏原的条件。结果表明：采用超高压法处理,其最佳条件为压力150MPa、温度45℃、保压时间35min,产物抗原抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.1997;高压结合木瓜蛋白酶水解法最佳条件为：350MPa、温度45℃、保压时间20min,产物抗原抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.0492;超高压下直接用木瓜蛋白酶处理,其最佳条件为：压力300MPa、温度45℃、保压时间35min,产物抗原抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.05。由此可见,高压对过敏原蛋白有消减作用,先高压再水解和超高压下直接酶处理对过敏原的消减效果更好。     

Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of cashew nut in foods

The presence of undeclared cashew can pose a health risk to cashew-allergic consumers. The food industry has the responsibility to declare the presence of cashews on packaged foods even when trace residues are or might be present. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of cashew residues. Raw and roasted cashews were defatted and used separately to immunize sheep, goats, and rabbits. The cashew ELISA was developed using sheep and rabbit polyclonal anti-roasted cashew sera as capture and detector reagents, respectively, with visualization through an alkaline phosphatase-mediated substrate reaction. The cashew ELISA was shown to have a limit of quantification of 1 ppm (1 μg cashew/g). The ELISA was highly specific except that substantial cross-reactivity was noted with pistachio and a lesser degree of cross-reactivity was noted with hazelnut. The performance of the ELISA was assessed by manufacturing cookies, ice cream, and milk chocolate with added known amounts (0 to 1000 ppm) of cashew. The mean percent recoveries for ice cream, cookies, and milk chocolate were 118%± 2.9%, 84.3%± 4.0%, and 104%± 3.0%, respectively. In a limited retail survey, 4/5 retail samples with cashew declared on ingredient labels tested positive for cashew compared to 5/36 samples of foods with precautionary labels indicating the possible presence of one or more tree nuts and 0/18 samples without cashew declared on the label in any manner. The cashew ELISA can be used to detect undeclared cashew residue in foods and as a potential tool for the food industry to assess the effectiveness of allergen control strategies and to guarantee compliance with food labeling regulatory requirements.