缢蛏过敏原的分离、鉴定与纯化

以磷酸盐缓冲液提取蛋白,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对其抗原成分进行分析,选用缢蛏过敏患者的阳性血清进行免疫印迹,鉴定出主要与次要过敏原.用高压液相色谱(HPLC)纯化主要过敏原蛋白,鉴定其免疫活性,结果表明,缢蛏粗提液SDS-PAGE显示有18条蛋白条带,含量高的蛋白有6条,其分子量分别为110kD、55kD、42kD、38kD、35kD和28kD,其中以35kD处最为富集.经Western-Blotting鉴定,58kD蛋白为缢蛏的主要过敏原,38kD、28kD和12kD蛋白为缢蛏的次要过敏原.HPLC体积排阻纯化后得9个峰,以SDS-PAGE检测,58kD的蛋白位于第4峰,其中有一条明显的蛋白条带.将该蛋白条带用HPLC反相纯化,得到两个峰.经Western-Blotting鉴定,58kD的主要过敏原位于反相纯化的第2峰.     

Replicating the cross-sectional distribution of house-dust mite allergen found in carpet

With a view to producing carpets that could be used to determine the ease of particulate aerosolisation during domestic activity, we measured the cross-sectional distribution of dust-mite allergen, Der p 1, produced using American Society for Testing and Materials method (ASTM F608–89) for embedding house dust in carpets with that produced by several alternative protocols. Allergen concentrations produced at different levels within the pile using the different techniques were also compared with those in carpets from actual houses – in which the majority of allergen is typically found towards the base of the pile. To obtain profiles of allergen, horizontal sections, 2-mm thick, were taken from new carpets after they had been seeded with dust and embedded using one of four following techniques: (1) dragging a fixed roller across the surface of the carpet four times, (2) using the same roller but following it up with 200 revolutions in a hexapod wear simulator, (3) dragging the fixed roller across the carpet surface 30 times (the ASTM method), and (4) 2 minutes under a commercial plate compactor. Fibre from each 2-mm-thick section was collected and the Der p 1 content determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and results expressed as ng Der p 1 per area in each section. Embedding with a fixed roller alone was not found to be particularly effective, resulting in roughly equal amounts of dust being apportioned within each pile layer, irrespective of the number of embedding passes used. In contrast, a distribution biased towards the base of the pile was found after roller-embedding/hexapod wear, although still to a lesser extent than has been observed in used carpets. Plate compaction gave a similar allergen distribution profile to combined roller/hexapod treatment but was considerably easier to perform. Thus, both techniques offer promise for researchers seeking to replicate the cross-sectional distribution of dust mite allergen found in carpets after actual use (and conceivably other particulate pollutants also).     

NARP-HPLC/MS and silver cationization fingerprinting of triacylglycerols in wild and cultivar Tunisian peanut kernels

A simple strategy to identify triacylglycerols (TAGs) in wild and cultivar peanuts was performed using on line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (NARP-LC-ESI–MS) with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as a post-column additive. The combination of the structural information given by MS with chromatographic retention laws led to the determination of the structure of TAGs in wild and cultivar peanut oil. In addition, by using the MS⁵ method, the regio-specificity of the TAGs was determined. It was also demonstrated that in Tunisian peanut oil, the saturates have a preference for the sn-1/sn-3 position for the arachidonic and behenic acids. In the wild variety fatty acids with odd numbers of carbons were found and more TAGs were identified in comparison to the cultivar peanut oil.     

Improved Peanut Flour for a Reduced-Fat Peanut Butter Product

A commercial peanut flour (12% fat) was mixed with water (30% w/w), homogenized and drum‐dried in a double drum dryer. The drum clearance was adjusted to result in thin dried sheets which on milling resulted in a very fine, single banded particle size flour. The flour was no longer gritty and was used to dilute fat by mixing with full fat (52.5%) paste to obtain a 30% fat reduction in the peanut butter product. Response surface methodology, RSM, was used to optimize drum temperature (T), speed (S), and clearance (C) in order to minimize stickiness and hardness, maximizing oil separation and particle size. Based on surface responses and contour plots, optimum conditions were: T = 135 °C, S = 1 rpm and C = 0.33 mm. Optimum values predicted by RSM for peanut flour particle size, peanut butter stickiness, hardness, and oil separation were: 49.65 μm, 12347 N, 311.4 N and 6.87% respectively. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained.     

Kinetics of catalytic transfer hydrogenation of some vegetable oils

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of corn, peanut, olive, soybean, and sunflower oils has been studied with aqueous sodium formate solution as hydrogen donor and palladium on carbon as catalyst. Kinetic constants and selectivity have been determined under intensive stirring in the presence of stabilizing agents. Hydrogenation reactions followed first-order kinetics with respect to fatty acids. Besides good selectivity and short reaction time, this method offers safe and easy handling. The presence of linolenic acid retards the migration of double bonds, which explains why soybean oil is the most appropriate for this hydrogenation process.     

花生壳粉末活性炭成型工艺研究

本文研究了花生壳粉末活性炭的成型条件。分别采用淀粉、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液作为粘合剂,将粉末状花生壳活性炭粘结加压成型,制成直径5mm、高7mm的圆柱体。考察了粘合剂用量、处理温度、处理时间等因素对成型后活性炭吸附性能及机械强度的影响,并用碘的吸附值、柱状活性炭的密度及是否容易碎裂进行了表征。实验结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠粘合剂所制得的活性炭性吸附能最好,碘附值可达900mg·g-1,聚乙烯醇粘合剂所制得的活性炭机械强度最好,碘附值在750 mg·g-1左右,淀粉粘合剂所制得的活性炭吸附能与聚乙烯醇相近,但机械强度较差,容易碎裂。处理温度和时间影响不大,以200～300℃下密闭处理60min左右为宜。聚乙烯醇适宜用量为粉末炭的10%,而羧甲基纤维素钠用量要大于粉末活性炭的5%。     

食品过敏原检测与评价技术研究进展

过敏原生物活性包括过敏原性即引起致敏个体发生过敏症的活性和致敏原性即引起人群致敏的危险性两个方面。随着转基因作物及相应食品的大量出现，评价和检测食品过敏原生物活性日益受到重视。迄今，食品过敏原性的主要检测方法有：皮肤试验、双盲安慰剂对照激发试验、血清IgE检测和组胺释放试验等；对食品致敏原性还没有建立可靠的评价和监测技术，FAO/WHO采纳的分级评价策略包括血清学测定、过敏原分子结构和序列同源性比较及胃肠液消化稳定性评价等。本文对食品过敏原生物学活性的评价与检测技术研究进展进行综述。     

Whey Protein Coating Effect on The Oxygen Uptake of Dry Roasted Peanuts

A procedure was developed to coat peanuts with aqueous whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions based on increasing coating-solution viscosity. Oxygen uptake of WPI-coated nuts and uncoated nuts were compared. WPI coatings delayed oxygen uptake of dry roasted peanuts at intermediate (53%) and low (21%) storage relative humidity. They had similar results at 29°C and 37°C. The effects of coating thickness and storage relative humidity indicate that the mechanism of protection of the coatings was through their oxygen barrier properties.     

菲律宾蛤仔过敏原原肌球蛋白的鉴定与分子克隆

目的了解菲律宾蛤仔中过敏原的情况,对其主要过敏原进行鉴定和分子克隆。方法采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫印迹验证原肌球蛋白,双向电泳对蛋白等电点进一步确定。利用差示扫描量热法对蛋白的热性能测定以及蛋白克隆和测序来分析原肌球蛋白。结果菲律宾蛤仔原肌球蛋白的分子量在37 k Da左右,等电点为5.1,热稳定性较强。原肌球蛋白的基因序列全长为855 bp,编码284个氨基酸,对序列进行同源对比,相似性较高。结论本实验证实了原肌球蛋白为菲律宾蛤仔的过敏原,为认识菲律宾蛤仔过敏原提供基础数据。     

枸杞花生酱的研制

探讨了提高花生酱乳化稳定性的方法,花生原酱、调味料的因素的最佳组合表明花生酱的综合评价是满意的.