Preventive effect of adding antioxidants on mutagenic compound formation in fumes of cooking oil

The preventive effect of various antioxidants on the formation of mutagenic compounds such as trans,trans‐2,4‐decadienal in degummed peanut oil (DPO) fumes was investigated. The mutagenicity of the DPO fumes was significantly reduced by antioxidants added before heating. The addition of antioxidants increased the smoke point and oxidative stability of DPO and decreased the yield of oil fumes and the amount of mutagens. Butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene were more effective than natural antioxidants in reducing the amount of four enal compounds in fumes from DPO. Thus edible cooking oil with a high smoke point, less fume and lower mutagenicity might be developed with an appropriate antioxidant. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Cold plasma as a tool for the elimination of food contaminants: Recent advances and future trends

Abstract

Food contaminants are challenging the food industry due to the inefficiency of conventional decontamination techniques. Cold plasma as an emerging technique for the degradation of food contaminants attracted notable attention. The current study overviews the plasma-induced degradation of food contaminants, discusses the mechanisms involved, points its benefits and drawbacks out, highlights the research needed in this area, and explores future trends. According to the literature, cold plasma efficiently degraded many common pesticides (e.g. parathion, paraoxon, omethoate, dichlorvos, malathion, azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos) and food allergens (e.g. tropomyosin, b-conglycinin, glycinin, trypsin inhibitor, and Kunitztype trypsin inhibitor). These degradations occurred primarily due to the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the plasma that attack the chemical bonds of food contaminants. The type of pesticide degrades are highly dependent on the concentrations of plasma-generated ROS and RNS. Research showed that several parameters, such as plasma generation device, plasma exposure time, plasma power, and the carrier gas composition, influence the type and concentration of reactive species (e.g. ROS and RNS) and the overall efficiency of cold plasma degradation for a specific pesticide or allergen.

• Highlights

• Cold plasma can be used for degradation of many types of pesticides and allergens.

• Plasma-generated reactive species and UV can interact with pesticides and allergens.

• The scaled up removal of pesticides and allergens by plasma can be challenging.

     

酶解花生蛋白影响Fe2+吸收利用的体外实验研究

以花生蛋白经模拟胃液和胰液消化所得的消化物为研究对象,研究酶解花生蛋白对Fe2 生物效价的影响。结果表明,随Fe2 浓度的增加,花生蛋白模拟消化物与Fe2 的结合量下降,且随着时间的延长而降低;酶解花生蛋白能保护Fe2 不易被氧化为Fe3 ;Ca2 的加入能降低酶解花生蛋白与Fe2 的结合量。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法检测花生 过敏原Ara h 2

目的建立烘培食品中花生过敏原Ara h 2的液相质谱联用定量检测方法。方法选择花生蛋白中的致敏蛋白Ara h 2作为目标蛋白,筛选出该致敏蛋白的特异肽,人工合成特异肽标准品和特异肽内标,从而建立直接检测花生致敏蛋白Ara h 2的准确定量方法。同时还对全国不同地区的20种花生中致敏蛋白Ara h 2的含量进行检测分析,初步统计得出致敏蛋白Ara h 2和花生蛋白的换算系数,并以Ara h 2作为生物标记物检测10种烘培食品中花生蛋白的残留量。结果花生样品中致敏蛋白Ara h 2的定量限为4.45μg/g,回收率在106.0%~107.8%之间。烘培食品中,定量限可达到6.23μg/g,回收率在107.0%~113.2%之间。结论本方法特异性强、灵敏度高、定量准确,具有良好的应用前景。     

花生功能成分及其综合利用

介绍了世界和我国的花生种植和生产情况,综述了花生的功能成分及其特性.对花生油、花生蛋白、花生种皮和花生壳的开发现状进行了较全面的总结,对花生中的磷脂、维生素E、植物甾醇、蛋白质、维生素K、白藜芦醇和粗纤维等功能成分在食品、医药、饲料和化工等行业中的应用前景进行了较详尽的讨论,可为合理有效地综合利用花生资源提供有价值的参考.     

不同前处理方法对花生粕酶解液中黄曲霉毒素含量的影响

研究了弱碱高温处理法、H_2O_2处理法和不同过滤介质去除黄曲霉毒素的效果。结果表明,弱碱高温处理对原料中的黄曲霉毒素有较好的去除效果,花生粕经过121℃,pH10,60min处理,黄曲霉毒素的破坏率高达84.5%,最终酶解上清液中黄曲霉毒素的含量为0.344ng/mL,达到欧盟安全标准;用H_2O_2处理,低浓度H_2O_2对于黄曲霉毒素的破坏很少,当浓度达到1600mg/kg,酶解上清液中的黄曲霉毒素达到0.104ng/mL,相对于不加H_2O_2处理的酶解上清液,其黄曲霉毒素减少率达94.87%,但高浓度的H_2O_2处理不利干酶解的进行;对于不同的过滤介质,以活性碳吸附去毒效果较好,但同时氨态氮的损失率高达7.03%。综合考虑实验的各方面因素,如成本问题以及脱毒后酶解的蛋白回收率和氨态氮含量问题,选择先在121℃,pH10条件下处理60min,酶解48h,然后用普通滤纸过滤进行脱毒处理,此时酶解上清液中的黄曲霉毒素达到0.244ng/mL。     

羊栖菜花生营养辣酱的研制

本文研究了以羊栖菜和花生为主要原料制成具有海产食品风味与营养价值调味酱的工艺、配方及主要营养组分。结果表明:以羊牺菜全浆40％、花生原酱40％、糖2％、盐7％为基本配料,可调制出富含钙、维生素A的调味品,能有效地补充人体对钙、维生素、蛋白质等营养素的需要。     

中国花生制品及其工业化对策

系统综述了目前国内花生蛋白,花生油,花生酱,花生皮壳的开发利用的现状,并介绍了花生系列产品的生产。分析了中国花生产业发展的制约因素及存在的问题,并提出了促进我国花生工业化发展的对策。     

Parvalbumin in fish skin-derived gelatin: is there a risk for fish allergic consumers?

The major allergen parvalbumin was purified from cod muscle tissues, and polyclonal antibodies were raised towards it. The antibodies were tested for specificity and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using these antibodies. The ELISA was applied to measure parvalbumin in cod skin, the starting material for fish gelatin made from deep sea, wild fish. The ELISA was sufficiently sensitive (LLOQ?=?0.8?ng?ml^?1 in extracts, corresponding to 0.02?µg of parvalbumin per g of tissue), and did not cross-react with common food constituents. Fish gelatin, wine and beer, matrices for the potential use of this ELISA, did not cause disturbance of the assay performance. The data show that the parvalbumin content in cod muscle tissue is 6.25?mg?g^?1, while the skins contained considerably less, 0.4?mg?g^?1. Washing of the skins, a common industrial procedure during the manufacturing of fish gelatin, reduced the level of parvalbumin about 1000-fold to 0.5?µg?g^?1, or 0.5?ppm. From 95 commercial lots of fish gelatin it is shown that 73 are below 0.02?µg?g^?1 parvalbumin. From the other 22 lots, the one with the highest concentration contained 0.15?µg?g^?1 of parvalbumin. These levels are generally assumed to be safe for fish-allergic individuals.