茉莉酸甲酯处理抑制鲜切梨褐变机理的研究

为探索鲜切果蔬保鲜的新途径,以鲜切水晶梨为试材,研究了不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯对常温下贮藏的鲜切梨酶促褐变的影响。结果表明,梨经过鲜切后,相对电导率快速上升,多酚含量和PPO活性增加而发生酶促褐变,L^＋值逐渐下降;而且切割伤害加剧了膜脂过氧化,进而诱导了POD、SOD、CAT活性的增加以清除过剩的自由基,提高果实的抗逆性。而茉莉酸甲酯处理保护了细胞膜结构,抑制了酚类物质外泄和PPO活性,减弱了酶促褐变的趋势;同时它也延缓了POD、SOD、CAT活性的上升以维持较长时间清除自由基的能力,从而推迟了膜脂过氧化的进程。尤其是1μmlol／L的茉莉酸甲酯处理更有效地保持了鲜切梨的贮藏品质,延迟了梨果实的衰老进程。     

保鲜剂及紫外线对库尔勒香梨黑头病菌抑菌效果的研究

以不同浓度的水杨酸、壳聚糖及不同时间紫外线处理库尔勒香梨致病菌—多主枝孢菌(Cladosporiumherbarum Link),研究上述处理方法抑制库尔勒香梨采后黑头病致病菌菌丝生长的效果。结果表明:不同浓度的保鲜剂及不同时间紫外线处理对黑头病菌茵丝生长均有一定的抑制效果,而且随着浓度的增大,紫外照射时间的延长,抑制效果增强。其中以紫外线照射效果最好。     

降温方法对不同成熟度鸭梨果肉脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸的影响

为了探讨缓慢降温抑制采后鸭梨果实褐变的机理,研究了不同降温方法对不同成熟度鸭梨果肉脂氧合酶(LOX)活性及膜脂脂肪酸组分和含量的影响。结果表明:在贮藏期间,LOX活性缓慢上升,晚采果活性较高;缓慢降温抑制了LOX活性的升高和果肉褐变,对早采果影响明显。鸭梨果肉中含有月桂酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、珠光酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,其中含量较多的是亚油酸、棕榈酸和油酸。推迟采收和缓慢降温提高了果肉的U/S值,缓慢降温提高了鸭梨果肉的亚麻酸及前期的亚油酸含量,在贮藏后期,随着LOX活性的升高,亚油酸、亚麻酸的含量减少,二者可能是LOX的反应底物。适当早采结合缓慢降温可提高鸭梨果肉膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量和U/S值,抑制果肉褐变。     

柠檬酸处理对鸭梨果实贮藏特性的影响

测定2%柠檬酸(CA)处理对套袋鸭梨贮藏品质等贮藏性的影响。结果表明,CA处理有效地延缓了贮藏中果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降,有效地控制了果实表皮褐变、果柄失水干枯变黑和腐烂的发生。     

苦瓜保健功能及开发利用研究进展

苦瓜具有降血糖、抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌、减肥等功能特性,从苦瓜糖制品、苦瓜饮料、苦瓜酒、苦瓜口含片、苦瓜豆腐、苦瓜冰淇淋等的开发进行论述,为今后对苦瓜开发利用提供依据.     

刺梨保健醋生产工艺研究

为开发利用丰富的野生刺梨资源,以刺梨汁为原料,对刺梨醋的生产工艺进行了研究。通过正交试验优选最佳生产工艺条件,结果表明：酒精发酵的糖度14％、酵母液用量8％、发酵温度32℃,产生的酒精量最多;醋酸发酵的接种量10％、酒精浓度6％、发酵温度35℃,可制得酸甜爽口、果香突出、营养丰富和独具保健功能的刺梨醋。     

苦瓜汁的抑菌活性及其热稳定性的研究

采用琼脂扩散法研究了苦瓜汁对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌活性。研究结果表明:苦瓜汁对四种菌均具有较好的抑菌活性,其中对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌活性明显强于对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性;在100℃以内,苦瓜汁具有良好的抑菌稳定性。     

均衡自发气调贮藏保鲜莱阳梨

以莱阳梨为试材,研究莱阳梨均衡自发气调贮藏的条件和效果。结果表明, EMAP贮藏能够较好地保持果实的硬度;抑制PPO活性,贮藏120d后,CK组PPO活性为40.9U/g,远高于EMAP组的28.4U/g,两者差异显著(P＜0.05);延缓POD活性的降低和膜透性的升高,贮藏120d后,EMAP组POD活性为0.25U/g,显著高于CK组的0.04U/g,使用EMAP冷藏的梨果膜透性上升及变化幅度较CK组小,两者的差异极显著(P＜0.01);减少VC含量的损失,贮藏至30d时, EMAP处理与CK相比梨果的VC含量较高,两者差异极显著(P＜0.01)。研究得到的莱阳梨EMAP贮藏的适宜气体组成为：2.2% CO2和14.0% O2,或者2.6% CO2和12.9% O2,在此条件下,莱阳梨的贮藏期可以达到200d以上。     

多胺处理对鸭梨采后生理的影响

本文以鸭梨果实为原料,研究了精胺和亚精胺处理对果实呼吸强度、果实乙烯释放量、果肉硬度、果实可溶性固形物含量和果皮组织相对电导率变化的影响。试验结果表明,精胺和亚精胺处理对鸭梨果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量具有显著的抑制作用,贮藏240d时,多胺处理组果实可溶性固形物含量和果肉硬度显著高于对照组(p<0.01),果心褐变指数显著低于对照组(p<0.01)。     

Comparative effect of the addition of α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrin on main sensory and physico-chemical parameters

Although α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used to improve the color of different fruit juices, a comparative study of the effect of these natural CDs on other properties that also influence pear juice quality, such as odor and aroma, have not been reported yet. In this study, the comparative effect of the addition of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin, the only CDs authorized to be used in the food industry by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Union, on the pear juice quality was evaluated for the first time. Several instrumental and sensory properties of this fruit juice, such as color, volatile composition, odor, and aroma have been evaluated in the absence and presence of α-, β-, and γ-CD. A study of the aroma profile of pear juice showed that esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and terpenes were the most important chemical families. However, the addition of α-, β-, and γ-CD had different effects on both the concentration of individual volatile compounds and their chemical grouping. Furthermore, a trained sensory panel was used to evaluate color, overall odor, overall aroma, and overall quality of pear juice in the presence or absence of CDs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: After comparing the effects of the addition of α-, β-, and γ-CD on pear juice, our final recommendation is to add α-CD (the natural CD formed by 6 units of glucose) to pear juice because it will significantly increase the global quality of the juice by reducing its browning but without producing a significant reduction in the aroma quality.