Mild-Heat and High-Pressure Inactivation of Carrot Pectin Methylesterase: A Kinetic Study

ABSTRACT: Pectin methylesterase (PME) was extracted from carrots and purified by affinity chromatography. The thermal high-pressure inactivation of the PME was investigated in a model system. Under these conditions, the (thermo) stable fraction is not inactivated and the isobaric-isothermal inactivation followed a fractional-conversion model. At lower pressures (< 300 MPa) and higher temperatures (> 50°C), an antagonistic effect of pressure and heat was observed. A 2nd- and 3rd-degree polynomial model (derived from available thermodynamic model) was successfully used to describe the heat pressure dependence of the inactivation rate constants. From the purified carrot PME sample, the thermostable PME fraction was isolated. The thermal inactivation of this fraction followed first-order kinetics.     

薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响

目的:探讨薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响。方法:将30只SD成年雌鼠随机分为5组。4组大鼠做双侧卵巢切除手术,一周后分为空白组和薛荔籽果胶高、中、低剂量组;用伪切除同龄大鼠作对照(Sham组)。喂养4周后解剖,测定盲肠内容物pH值、短链脂肪酸、骨钙、骨磷含量及矿物质元素的表观吸收等指标。结果:去势雌性大鼠对钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率及骨钙和骨磷含量显著低于正常大鼠(P<0.05)。薛荔籽果胶能显著增加去势雌性大鼠短链脂肪酸含量和盲肠面积(P<0.05),降低盲肠pH值,并且在一定程度上抑制钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率。结论:薛荔籽果胶能降低去势雌性大鼠矿物质的表观吸收率。     

响应面法优化红薯渣果胶的提取条件

果胶提取以红薯渣为原料,果胶生产常用酸盐酸作为提取用酸,在单因素试验基础上,确定料液比为1:20,对提取液pH值,提取温度T,提取时间t3个因素采用响应面方法进行了工艺优化研究。经过响应面分析了因素之间的相互影响并建立了3因素与果胶提取率的二次回归模型。结果表明:盐酸提取果胶的最优工艺参数为:温度87℃、pH1.33、时间92min,在此最优提取条件下果胶的提取率为6.24%。这为工业利用红薯渣生产果胶提供了依据。     

高压射流均质果胶-乙醇-水悬浊液研究

针对韧性材料果胶,研究单一载料介质(水)和混合载料介质(xA=0.24的乙醇-水混合物)对高压射流均质过程射流噪声和料腔压力以及颗粒微细化程度的影响。结果表明,果胶-乙醇-水悬浊液比果胶-水溶液的射流噪声明显增大,平均声压增加近81%,说明二元组分载料介质强化了高压射流均质过程的气-液相互作用,加剧了气泡溃灭造成的冲击作用。经过高压射流均质处理,果胶颗粒尺寸明显减小,颗粒原有的片状结构被破碎成丝状和碎块状。     

Protein removal from a Chardonnay juice by addition of carrageenan and pectin

Backgrounds and Aims: Bentonite is commonly added to white wines to remove the grape proteins responsible for haze formation. Despite being effective, this technique has drawbacks; thus, new solutions are desirable. The ability of carrageenan and pectin to remove heat‐unstable grape proteins, and the impact that such addition has on the physicochemical and sensorial profile of a wine were assessed. Methods and Results: Carrageenan and pectin were added separately or in combination to a Chardonnay juice prior to fermentation. Both adsorbents removed proteins (up to 75%), thus increasing wine protein stability. Carrageenan was more effective than pectin at increasing wine protein stability. Conclusions: Pectin and carrageenan removed protein and partially stabilized the samples of the wine. Significance of the Study: Pre‐fermentation addition of pectin or carrageenan may provide the wine industry with an alternative protein stabilization procedure.     

Characterisation of gold kiwifruit pectin isolated by enzymatic treatment

Pectin was extracted from gold kiwifruit by four commercial enzyme preparations (Celluclast 1.5 L, Cytolase CL, Cellulyve TR 400 and NS33048). The chosen enzymes were used either in single or in combination, with and without protease addition. The recovered pectin was characterised and compared for the yield, total nonstarch polysaccharide and neutral sugar composition, protein and ash, pectin, molecular weight distribution and the viscosity. Results indicated that enzyme‐extracted gold kiwifruit pectin was rich in galacturonic acid. Purified pectin yield, and their physicochemical composition and rheological property (viscosity), was significantly affected by the type of enzyme used. The pectin extracted by Celluclast 1.5 L demonstrated to be the most viscous and recorded the highest in molecular weight (M_w) (1.65 × 10⁶ g mol^–1) compared with the other extracts. The extract M_w and their distribution were discussed and related to their viscosity behaviour.     

超滤浓缩制备南瓜果胶的工艺研究

采用超滤浓缩后乙醇沉淀的方法制备南瓜果胶.通过单因素试验,确定优化超滤条件为:超滤膜截留分子量50 kD,压力0.08 MPa,温度25 ℃,溶液pH 7.0;在该条件下,将南瓜果胶提取液浓缩至原体积1/5,再加入80%乙醇溶液沉淀果胶并洗涤果胶1次,所得的南瓜果胶纯度为80.08%,得率为8.50%,凝胶度为120.25,酯化度为31.82,干燥失重为4.26%,总灰分为3.22%,半乳糖醛酸为88.10%,pH为2.7,铅及砷含量分别为1.2 mg/kg和0.036 mg/kg,各项指标均达到国家质量标准QB 2484--2000.     

从柠檬皮中分离提取果胶的研究

本文探讨了酸水解法从柠檬皮中提取果胶的工艺,通过分析提取果胶的影响因素,并由正交实验法确定提取柠檬果胶的最佳工艺条件．     

酰胺化果胶的特性、应用及研究现状

本文将酰胺化果胶与普通低酯果胶以及高酯果胶进行了多方面的比较，重点介绍酰胺化果胶的特性。结合国内外对酰胺化果胶生产和研究的状况，及其在食品工业和医疗方面的应用现状，对酰胺化果胶生产的开发前景进行了分析。     

内源果胶酯酶制备低甲氧基果胶的研究

以新鲜橙皮为原料，在盐酸水解乙醇沉淀提取果胶之前，激活并利用果皮中固有的果胶酯酶进行果胶的酶法脱酯，制备低甲氧基果胶，以产品的甲氧基含量和果胶得率为指标，确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明新鲜橙皮内源酶法制备低甲氧基果胶的最佳工艺条件为：加入果皮浆液量0．15％的内源性果胶酯酶激活剂碳酸钠，控制温度45℃，pH值8．0进行脱酯，时间60min；果胶提取温度90％，时间60min，pH值2．0；在此条件下制备的果胶甲氧基含量为5．93％，符合低甲氧基果胶标准，果胶得率为2．46％。