海藻酸钠-高甲氧基果胶复合体系凝胶特性的研究--蔗糖、Ca2+、葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯对复合体系凝胶特性的影响

研究了蔗糖、Ca2+、葡萄糖酸-d-内酯对海藻酸钠—高甲氧基果胶复合体系凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:蔗糖、Ca2+对该体系的凝胶特性影响很大,适量蔗糖的添加不仅可增加体系的凝胶强度和持水性,还可增加凝胶的融点;Ca2+的添加可使体系的凝胶类型从热可逆变成热不可逆,且对体系凝胶强度的影响与其对海藻酸钠的影响类似;在海藻酸钠、高甲氧基果胶单独不能形成凝胶的条件下,葡萄糖酸-d-内酯的添加可诱导两种胶的混合物形成凝胶,且该复合物的凝胶强度与葡萄糖酸-d-内酯的浓度、胶体总浓度有关。     

Preparation of Alkyl Esters of Pectin and Pectic Acid

Alkyl esters of pectin and pectic acid have been prepared via three different synthetic routes. Enhancements of intrinsic viscosity, binding to bile acids and to isolated soy protein were shown for these novel pectin derivatives. The development of new and improved pectin-containing products may be enhanced by the ease of preparation and improved functionality of such compounds.     

Strawberry Texture and Pectin Content as Affected by Electron Beam Irradiation

Fresh Tristar' strawberries were irradiated with electron beam irradiation at 0, 1, and 2 kGy. Fruit firmness decreased as irradiation dose increased. Water-soluble pectin increased and oxalate-soluble pectin decreased at 0 and 1 day after 1 and 2 kGy irradiation. Fruit firmness correlated with oxalate-soluble pectin content. Total pectin and nonextractable pectin were not affected by irradiation. The oxalate-soluble pectin content and firmness of irradiated strawberries increased slightly at the beginning of 2°C storage and then decreased as storage time increased. No changes occurred in water-soluble pectin, nonextractable pectin, or total pectin during storage.     

微波辅助提取苹果渣中高酯果胶的研究

以苹果渣为原料。对用微波辅助提取、提取液脱色、乙醇沉析获得果胶的关键提取条件进行了研究。通过L9（3^4）正交试验,得到了在微波辐射功率为250w时果胶提取的最佳工艺条件：料液比1：40,提取时间35min,pH=1．3,提取温度65℃,此时,果胶的提取率可以达到10．61％。效果很佳。     

High-pressure treatment of cloudy apple juice

A factorial design with four factors (pressure, holding time, temperature and waiting period between crushing of apple and high-pressure (HP) treatment) was built up to study the effect of HP treatment on pectin methylesterase activity (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) in cloudy apple juice. PME activity was measured by the methanol release during the storage of samples at 4 °C for 1 month. Only the holding time of the treatment and three interactions between factors (holding time×temperature, pressure×waiting and holding time×waiting) had significant effects on the PME level. Increasing the pressure or the holding time at moderate temperatures (15-40 °C) increased the activity. PME purified from apple was pressure stable in the range 100-600 MPa at 25 °C. The soluble pectin content was not changed after HP treatment. The particles size increased with the temperature reached during the treatment, in agreement with a diffusion-limited-aggregation model but were independent of pressure and holding time. In a separate experiment we found a positive correlation between the PME activity and the residual content of the catechins suggesting that polyphenoloxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1) and oxidized polyphenols play a role in the PME activity level after HP treatment.     

碱量和脱胶助剂与汉麻原茎脱胶质量关系的研究

文章采用高温碱煮的方法对汉麻原茎进行脱胶处理,利用正交试验分析,通过比较汉麻打成麻得率和脱胶效果,探讨汉麻纤维脱胶中碱量和脱胶助剂对汉麻脱胶质量的影响.指出其它因素不变时,汉麻脱胶的最佳工艺为:NaOH用量14.05g/L,脱胶助剂用量5.25g/L.     

新型生物质果胶吸附材料的制备及水溶液中铜离子(Ⅱ)吸附性能研究

为了评价生物质果胶碱化改性在重金属离子废水处理方面的吸附性能,利用水提-醇沉法提取纯化豆腐柴叶中天然果胶,并通过碱化作用,制备新型生物质果胶吸附材料,同时对水溶液中重金属铜离子进行吸附试验,考察其吸附率和单位吸附量。然后,通过分析新型生物质果胶吸附材料组分半乳糖醛酸含量及酯化度,探讨其吸附机制。实验结果表明,天然果胶在pH 9的环境中碱化作用30 min时,可获得具有高效吸附水体中铜离子的新型生物质果胶吸附材料,其吸附率和单位吸附量分别达到89.6%(0.10 g)和105 mg/g(0.02 g)。另外,在果胶组分半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度分析方面,果胶碱化作用未造成半乳糖醛酸分子的丢失,但可促使果胶中羧酸酯的水解,形成对应的羧酸钠盐,提升对水体铜离子的吸附性能。