Enzymatic modification of sesame seed protein,sourced from waste resource for nutraceutical application

The functional characteristics which include protein solubility at different pH, emulsifying and foaming properties, degree of hydrolysis, molecular weight distribution, antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity of sesame protein hydrolysates prepared with pepsin, papain and alcalase enzymes were evaluated. The rate of degree of hydrolysis was found to reach maximum (25–30%) within the first time fragment i.e 10 min but 80% of hydrolysis was obtained in 120 min with alcalase. SDS-PAGE of hydrolysates with papain, pepsin and alcalase evinced bands of low molecular weight protein of 14.3 kDa and even lower for alcalase treatment of 120 min. Hydrolysates so formed were of improved functional properties as evident from emulsifying and foaming property. Hydrolysis with different proteases enhanced the protein solubility significantly at pH 7.0. Antioxidative assay revealed radical scavenging activity of the hydrolysates with papain hydrolysates showing maximum antioxidative efficacy. The ultra-filtered peptide fractions which showed comparable ACE inhibitory activity were sequenced by MALDI-TOF and matched to that of previously identified ACE inhibitory peptides. The results corroborate the ACE inhibitory effect of the peptides. Hence, these highly bioactive protein hydrolysates produced from waste sesame meals can be successfully employed in various functional food formulations.     

柠檬酸与胃蛋白酶协同水解牛骨粉的工艺优化

以新鲜牛骨为原料,探讨牛骨粉的制备工艺;采用对比和正交实验相结合的设计方案,用柠檬酸与胃蛋白酶协同水解牛骨粉,以水解度、钙溶出率为特征性指标,三氯乙酸中可溶性氮含量评定水解效果。结果表明:牛骨在121℃,0.14MPa条件下,蒸煮120min全部松软,蛋白质暴露面积增加,有利于其水解;用柠檬酸水解牛骨粉,水解度与钙溶出率呈极显著相关性(P<0.01);柠檬酸与胃蛋白酶协同水解牛骨粉的最佳条件:柠檬酸浓度0.5mol/L、酶与底物蛋白量比(E/S)为500U/g、底物浓度11%、反应时间为6h,水解度与钙溶出率分别达33.7%和11.2%;三氯乙酸中可溶性氮含量达到97.2%,表明大部分产物为低分子肽类,溶解性高。     

Immobilization of pepsin on an acrylamide/2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer and its use in casein hydrolysis

Pepsin was immobilized through covalent bonding on a copolymer of acrylamide and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate via the individual and simultaneous activation of both groups. The extent of enzyme coupling upon the activation of both the amino and hydroxyl groups of the copolymer resulted in a synergistic effect. However, the order of activation of the support was critical. The covalently bound enzyme retained more than 50% of its activity even after six cycles. The storage stability of the covalently bound enzyme was 60% after storage for 1 month, whereas the free enzyme lost all of its activity within 10 days of storage at 35°C. The Michaelis constant (K_m) and maximum reaction velocity (V_max) were 1.1 × 10^?6 and 0.87 for the free enzyme and 1.2 × 10^?6 and 0.98 for the covalently bound enzyme when the enzyme concentration was kept constant and the substrate concentration was varied. Similarly, K_m and V_max were 6.73 × 10^?11 and 0.47 for the free enzyme and 7.59 × 10^?11 and 0.545 for the covalently bound enzyme when the substrate concentration was kept constant and the enzyme concentration was varied; this indicated no conformational change during coupling, but the reaction was concentration‐dependent. The hydrolysis of casein was carried out with a fixed‐bed reactor (17 cm × 1 cm). Maximum hydrolysis (90%) was obtained at a 2 cm³/min flow rate at 35°C with a 1 mM casein solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1544–1549, 2005     

Peptic hydrolysis of bovine beta‐lactoglobulin under microwave treatment reduces its allergenicity in an ex vivo murine allergy model

In this study, the in vivo allergenicity of bovine beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG) in peptic whey protein hydrolysates generated during microwave and conventional heating treatments was assessed. The allergenicity of the hydrolysates was explored by studying the reaction of the murine jejunum from previously immunised Balb/c mice to treated BLG in an Ussing chamber. Intestinal anaphylactic reactions after stimulation of the gut‐associated immune system are a good indicator of potential in vivo allergenicity of whey hydrolysates. Fifty‐two per cent of BLG was hydrolysed by pepsin after only 3 min of microwave irradiation at 200 watts (W), yet it remained intact under conventional heating. Far‐ and near‐UV circular dichroism spectra indicated significant changes in BLG secondary and tertiary structures with microwave irradiation at 200 W. Pepsin whey protein hydrolysates obtained with microwave irradiation at 200 W for 3 min did not stimulate secretion of chloride in the Ussing chamber, as shown by the intensity of the short current values recorded (27.86 μA cm^?2), compared to the conventional pepsin hydrolysates (68.21 μA cm^?2). This demonstrates the low allergenicity of whey protein hydrolysates generated in this manner. These results confirm that microwave treatment combined with peptic hydrolysis could be applied to produce low allergenicity milk peptides.     

Influence of non‐enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of pea (Pisum sativum) albumins on their enzymatic hydrolysis

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of non‐enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) on the susceptibility of pea albumins to pepsin hydrolysis. It was proved that the aqueous albumin extract is de facto a nucleo‐glyco‐metalloprotein complex. The non‐enzymatic glycosylation of pea albumins decreased the content of nucleic acids, hexoses and zinc, which bound to this protein. Glycated pea albumins were more susceptible to hydrolysis by pepsin than non‐glycated ones. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

气相色谱法测定胃蛋白酶中7种有机溶剂残留

目的 建立测定胃蛋白酶原料中7种有机溶剂残留的气相色谱法(gas chromatography,GC).方法 样品以纯化水为溶剂,80℃顶空加热20 min,采用DM-Wax毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm),程序升温对有机溶剂进行分离,氢火焰离子化检测器(flame ionization dete...     

体外模拟消化芝麻蛋白产生多肽的抗氧化性分析

为证实芝麻蛋白在人体内消化可产生抗氧化肽,采用体外模拟消化芝麻蛋白,分析芝麻蛋白水解产生多肽的组成与抗氧化活性。结果显示:在体外模拟消化模型中,芝麻蛋白在1 h内丧失原有亚基结构,最终水解为相对分子质量在15 kDa以下的多肽;水解产生的多肽具有抗氧化性,其中胃蛋白酶水解产生的多肽具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力,而胰蛋白酶与胰凝乳蛋白酶的水解有助于提升多肽的ABTS自由基清除能力。上述结果表明,芝麻蛋白在人体内消化会产生抗氧化肽,不同消化阶段的芝麻多肽组成有差异,从而造成抗氧化活性的差别。     

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) proanthocyanidins inhibit in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of protein

Abstract: Interactions of phenolics with other food constituents and digestive enzymes are likely to have interference with the digestion and bioavailability of food and phenolics. In this study the effect of sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins on in vitro digestion of protein was evaluated. Optimization of the extraction conditions showed that maximum recovery of sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins was obtained with acidified acetone; water mixture (60% to 70%, v/v). Crude proanthocyanidin extracts thus prepared were purified using sephadex gel column chromatography and their average degree of polymerization and the effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin as influenced by their protein precipitation capacities were studied. Average degree of polymerization of proanthocyanidins in berry pulp, kernel, seed coat, and leaves was 7.4, 5.6, 8.2, and 10.6, respectively. The EC50 values for the protein precipitation by the PA of berry pulp, kernel seed coat, and leaves were 44.2, 44.1, 65.8, and 39.8 μg, respectively. Relative enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein‐proanthocyanidin complexes was 44.1% to 60.3% for pepsin and 57.5% to 67.7% for trypsin. Interactions of sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins with food proteins and digestive enzymes might alter the protein digestibility and phenolic bioavailabilty.     

鳕鱼皮活性胶原的提取及酶解动力学研究

采用低温酸酶结合法提取鳕鱼鱼皮胶原,通过考察不同提取条件,优化了鳕鱼皮胶原的提取工艺,并对所提胶原进行特性分析。以经典的米氏方程理论为基础,研究胃蛋白酶酶促水解鳕鱼皮制备胶原的酶解反应特性,通过鳕鱼皮的酶解曲线,建立数学方程,表征胶原提取过程的水解动力学行为。结果表明:鳕鱼皮胶原提取的最佳工艺条件为:胃蛋白酶添加量为1.0%,料液比为1∶40,处理时间为24h,酸介质为柠檬酸,其浓度为0.20mol/L。在此条件下胶原提取率达到48.67%。胃蛋白酶水解鳕鱼皮制备胶原的动力学模型为:-rs=(2.9004E-3[S])/([S]+0.2156),其中米氏常数Km=0.2156。     

酶法制备乳铁蛋白抗菌肽的工艺

乳铁蛋白具有抗菌活性,胃蛋白酶酶解乳铁蛋白时得到的乳铁蛋白多肽的抗菌活性远高于其自身。通过响应面回归分析,得到了胃蛋白酶酶解乳铁蛋白的优化条件为:底物浓度30 mg/mL、水解时间2 h、温度45℃、加酶量1%(w/w)、pH 2.5。在优化酶解条件下,水解度约为11%,抑菌率为98.8%。高效液相排阻色谱分析表明,多肽的分子质量主要分布在200～6 000 u。