格灵化工基于SmartPro的DCS系统设计与应用

介绍北京和利时公司开发的SmartPro MACS Ⅲ型DCS系统在格灵化工硫酸装置中的应用.DCS系统包括硬件组成、软件设计及控制功能实现.该控制系统稳定可靠、控制精度高.在提高生产装置自动化水平的同时,使硫酸产品质量提高,生产成本大幅度降低.     

改进氧气分布器,提高醋酸质量和收率

通过对氧气分布器的形状和孔径、开孔率进行分析,找到了湘维醋酸装置醋酸质量和醋酸收率偏低的原因.采用临界孔径和临界气速的理论对湘维醋酸装置氧气分布器进行了设计,实施后抑制了副反应,提高了醋酸质量和醋酸收率.     

种子法制备聚合物乳液技术的进展

从建筑乳液的生产现状、自生种子法与外加种子法的区别、种子乳液的特点及外加种子法生产的乳液特性等方面介绍了种子法制备乳液技术的进展。     

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HYDRODEMETALLATION IN FIXED-BED REACTORS

An isothermal model for hydrodemetallation (HDM) of crude oils in catalytic fixed-bed reactors is proposed. This model involves a consecutive reaction mechanism, which is capable of accounting for particle deposit profiles with interior maxima. Consistent with the fact that HDM catalysts are conglomerates formed by precipitation, the porous catalyst itself is modeled as randomly overlapping spheres of equal size. The metal is deposited as growing metal sulfide crystallites on the inner surface of the catalyst. These crystallites originate from a certain number of randomly scattered nuclei and increase in size as the deposition proceeds. The random sphere model for the catalyst and the deposit provides the changes in the catalyst pore structure—local porosity and surface area.

The mass transport within the domain of the particle is due to restricted liquid diffusion, since the diameter of the metal bearing compound (porphyrin) and the intermediate are comparable to the pore size. The diffusion restrictions taken into account are the enhanced drag imposed on a molecule by adjacent pore walls and steric partitioning.

Since the deposition process is much slower than diffusion and reaction, the pseudo-steady-state assumption can be justified. The equations of conservation for mass are solved by orthogonal collocation on finite elements. Based on this solution technique a computer simulation program of HDM is designed that allows two modes of operation: constant temperature and constant conversion. The simulation program “SIMULA” is highly flexible with regard to reaction kinetics, catalyst structure, reactor design, and operating conditions. In comparison to a base case with uniform activity, the effect of intraparticle (radial) and bed (axial) activity profiles on the conversion rate is discussed. For the case investigated, a radial distribution of activity higher at the center of the particle than at the edge can increase catalyst life by 25%, but axial distribution was less successful.     

Statistical properties of interparticle/void distance for amorphous plastics toughening

Statistical properties of interparticle/void distance (ID) for various particle/void and dispersion types are studied in relation with toughening of plastics using computer‐generated three‐dimensional models. Particle/void size groups adopted were either of constant diameter or of log‐normal distribution. Particles/voids were dispersed at uniform‐random or flocculated with multiple clusters. It was found that IDs are (a) of approximately Gaussian distribution for particles/voids of either a constant diameter or a log‐normal distribution, when they are dispersed at uniform‐random, but (b) not of Gaussian distribution for particle/void sizes of bimodal log‐normal distribution, nor for flocculated log‐normal distribution of particles/voids dispersed with multiple clusters. It was also found that the degree of ID uniformity for a single group of log‐normally sized particles/voids is not sensitive to standard deviation of particle/void size. Mixing effect on ID properties using two groups of log‐normally distributed particles/voids with similar mean particle/void diameters was simulated. It was found that, when a significant amount (36 vol %) of particles/voids of a small mean and standard deviation of ID was mixed with a group of particles/voids of a large mean and standard deviation of ID, mean and standard deviation of ID for the mixture were not substantially lower than those of the group of particles/voids of the large mean and standard deviation of ID. It was also found that the degree of ID uniformity for the mixture of the two groups was lower than those of individual groups, indicating that the mixing has deleterious effect on toughening. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4256–4262, 2006     

基于MPLS的VPN互访技术

针对VPN互访问题,根据IPSec-VPN互访方法的不足,提出动态MPLS-VPN方法.利用随机分配的标签,在需要互访的不同VPN网络节点之间构建MPLS通道,利用互访规则集检验节点的连接申请,根据过滤规则控制数据包的传输,通过设定传输时长限制节点互访的时间,实现VPN之间接节点、按方向、按时间的细粒度互访控制,确保数据传输的安全性和高效性.给出动态MPLS-VPN方法实现互访的步骤,对方法进行分析比较.     

基于数据转换服务实现卷烟吸阻达标率的计算

针对吸阻达标率计算过程复杂,操作步骤繁多的问题,提出运用SQL Server工具DTS(Data Transformation Service数据转换服务)计算卷烟吸阻达标率,其实现过程包括数据库连接、数据表建立、视图创建、DTS包设计、代码编写、JOB作业建立和Excel透视表建立等步骤。结果证明吸阻达标率计算程序的开发不仅为达标率的实际应用提供技术支撑,还有助于企业更好地控制产品质量,提高生产工艺水平。     

烧结助剂对自增韧Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

研究了烧结助剂质量分数及比例对热压自增韧Si3N4 陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明 :材料室温抗弯强度和断裂韧性均在烧结助剂的质量分数为 15 %时达到峰值 ,其中 5 %Y2 O3 10 %La2 O3 85 %Si3N4 体系的抗弯强度达 911.3MPa,断裂韧性达10 .0 2MPa·m1 /2 。同时 ,分析了材料显微结构与力学性能的关系 ,发现自增韧Si3N4 陶瓷中 β-Si3N4 柱状晶直径的双峰分布特征对材料力学性能的提高起着很重要的作用     

大型下行式循环流化床反应器颗粒浓度分布研究

采用双光路光纤密度探头研究了内径418mm,高18米大型下行式循环流化床（其中下行床部分长度6．5m)反应器中的颗粒浓度分布，结果表明大直径下行床中颗粒浓度沿径向呈现中心均匀，近壁处存在高浓环形区的分布，这类似于小直径反应器中的结果，随着反应器直径的增加，颗粒浓度分布最大值的径向位置向边壁方向移动，即：当下行床放大时，中心颗粒浓度均匀分布区的面积占整个床层截面积的比例增大，在一种特殊设计的下行床边壁结构中测量了颗粒浓度沿径向的分布，实验结果说明边壁效应对下行床近壁区颗粒浓环的形成起到了重要作用，研究结果将有助于了解下行床反应的放大特性。