基于ISFET的农药检测生物传感技术

随着微电子、生物技术的发展,离子敏场效应晶体管(ISFET)生物传感技术已应用于农药检测,并显示出较好的优越性,而我国对基于ISFET的农药检测生物技术研究尚未展开。简单介绍了基于IS-FET的生物传感器的结构、原理,重点探讨了其在农药检测方面的研究应用,分析了ISFET生物传感器存在的问题与未来的发展。     

多特征融合的蛋白质相互作用位点预测

蛋白质相互作用位点预测为蛋白质功能和药物设计的理解提供重要线索。而蛋白质的各种特征为蛋白质相互作用位点预测提供了大量有用信息,特别是进化信息、残基序列邻近和空间邻近性。不同的蛋白质特征对蛋白质间的相互作用的贡献也不一样。通过提取蛋白质序列谱、保守性和残基熵,提出了特征融合技术对蛋白质相互作用位点进行研究,采用SVM构建三种预测器,分别对各种不同的特征加以验证,实验结果表明了基于特征融合方法的有效性和正确性。     

基于峰宽修正的玻璃药瓶内氧气残留浓度的检测研究

玻璃药瓶中的氧气残留对瓶中药品的无菌特性造成了严重的威胁。采用波长调制光谱（Wavelength Modulated Spectrum, WMS）技术解调得到的二次谐波信号峰高值作为氧浓度反演的基础。然而,在用二次谐波信号测量气体浓度时,由于调制深度的变化会导致二次谐波峰值的变化,这通常会给系统带来误差,进而降低浓度的反演精度。而调制深度受调制电流波动、温度和压强变化等因素的影响不能直接计算获得进而修正。针对这一问题,本文成功地将调制深度与二次谐波峰高的关系转换为二次谐波峰宽和峰高的关系。然后,利用峰宽校正后的谐波峰高对气体浓度进行反演。初步实验表明,利用峰宽校正后的谐波峰高对瓶内气体浓度进行预测的准确性提高了2.1%,且系统的整体鲁棒性也得以提升。本文提出的校正方法不需要系统参数信息与气体成分信息,可以直接从谐波信号本身出发对调制深度进行校正,十分适合于工业现场的在线氧气浓度预测。     

Effects of soil composition and mineralogy on remote sensing of crop residue cover

The management of crop residues (non-photosynthetic vegetation) in agricultural fields influences soil erosion and soil carbon sequestration. Remote sensing methods can efficiently assess crop residue cover and related tillage intensity over many fields in a region. Although the reflectance spectra of soils and crop residues are often similar in the visible, near infrared, and the lower part of the shortwave infrared (400-1900 nm) wavelength region, specific diagnostic chemical absorption features are evident in the upper shortwave infrared (1900-2500 nm) region. Two reflectance band height indices used for estimating residue cover are the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) and the Lignin-Cellulose Absorption (LCA) index, both of which use reflectances in the upper shortwave infrared (SWIR). Soil mineralogy and composition will affect soil spectral properties and may limit the usefulness of these spectral indices in certain areas. Our objectives were to (1) identify minerals and soil components with absorption features in the 2000 nm to 2400 nm wavelength region that would affect CAI and LCA and (2) assess their potential impact on remote sensing estimates of crop residue cover. Most common soil minerals had CAI values ≤ 0.5, whereas crop residues were always > 0.5, allowing for good contrast between soils and residues. However, a number of common soil minerals had LCA values > 0.5, and, in some cases, the mineral LCA values were greater than those of the crop residues, which could limit the effectiveness of LCA for residue cover estimation. The LCA of some dry residues and live corn canopies were similar in value, unlike CAI. Thus, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or similar method should be used to separate out green vegetation pixels. Mineral groups, such as garnets and chlorites, often have wide ranges of CAI and LCA values, and thus, mineralogical analyses often do not identify individual mineral species required for precise CAI estimation. However, these methods are still useful for identifying mineral soils requiring additional scrutiny. Future advanced multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing platforms should include CAI bands to allow for crop residue cover estimation.     

On the decoding of binary cyclic codes with the Newton identities

We revisit in this paper the concept of decoding binary cyclic codes with Gröbner bases. These ideas were first introduced by Cooper, then Chen, Reed, Helleseth and Truong, and eventually by Orsini and Sala. We discuss here another way of putting the decoding problem into equations: the Newton identities. Although these identities have been extensively used for decoding, the work was done manually, to provide formulas for the coefficients of the locator polynomial. This was achieved by Reed, Chen, Truong and others in a long series of papers, for decoding quadratic residue codes, on a case-by-case basis. It is tempting to automate these computations, using elimination theory and Gröbner bases.Thus, we study in this paper the properties of the system defined by the Newton identities, for decoding binary cyclic codes. This is done in two steps, first we prove some facts about the variety associated with this system, then we prove that the ideal itself contains relevant equations for decoding, which lead to formulas.Then we consider the so-called online Gröbner basis decoding, where the work of computing a Gröbner basis is done for each received word. It is much more efficient for practical purposes than preprocessing and substituting into the formulas. Finally, we conclude with some computational results, for codes of interesting length (about one hundred).     

基于相互认证和3DES加密的智能卡远程支付系统认证方案

针对现有基于智能卡支付系统的安全方案存在密码暴露、信息泄露和身份认证等问题,提出一种新的基于相互认证和3DES加密的智能卡远程支付系统认证方案。分析基于二次剩余的支付认证方案的不足,在注册、登录、身份认证和密码更改阶段对其进行改进,避免密码暴露攻击,提高密码更改阶段的安全性,同时结合3DES加密算法对支付信息进行加密处理。性能分析表明,该方案能有效抵御多种攻击,且用户能够自由地修改密码,同时可对用户信息进行匿名保护。与现有智能卡支付认证方案相比,该方案提高了支付系统的安全性能且具有较小的计算复杂度。     

PLC顺控指令在废渣回收系统中的应用

废渣回收系统的逻辑控制是典型的顺序控制,利用PLC可以简便、准确地实现该控制,以西门子S7-200小型PLC为例,介绍了顺序控制的编程方法和优点.     

减压渣油评价中的人工神经网络分析方法

介绍了渣油评价中人工神经分析方法,其目标是以少量的关键参数推演出渣油评价所需的并试图通过改变网络输入参数来确定不同性质指标对推演渣油其他参数的影响程度。文中给出了人工神经网络方法与多元线性回归方法的对比,表明人工神经网络用于模拟减压渣油的评价方法和实验过程的可行性,并为该方法用于仿真实验过程指出应用前景。     

Time of flight mass spectrometry applied to the liquid chromatographic analysis of pesticides in water and food

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an excellent technique to determine trace levels of polar and thermolabile pesticides and their degradation products in complex matrices. LC-MS can be equipped with several mass analyzers, each of which provides unique features capable to identify, quantify, and resolve ambiguities by selecting appropriate ionization and acquisition parameters. We discuss in this review the use of LC coupled to (quadrupole) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-(Q)ToF-MS) to determine the presence of target and non-target pesticides in water and food. This technique is characterized by operating at a resolving power of 10,000 or more. Therefore, it gives accurate masses for both parent and fragment ions and enables the measurement of the elemental formula of a compound achieving compound identification. In addition, the combination of quadrupole-ToF permits tandem mass spectrometry, provides more structural information, and enhances selectivity. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview on the state of art and applicability of liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS), and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) for the analysis of pesticides in environmental matrices and food. The performance of such techniques is depicted in terms of accurate mass measurement, fragmentation, and selectivity. The final section is devoted to describing the applicability of LC-(Q)ToF-MS to routine analysis of pesticides in food matrices, indicating those operational conditions and criteria used to screen, quantify, and identify target and "suspected" pesticides and their degradation products in water, fruits, and vegetables. The potential and future trends as well as limitations of LC-(Q)ToF-MS for pesticide monitoring are highlighted.