GC-MSD法测定纺织品中含氯苯酚残留量

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MSD），测定及确证纺织品中含氯苯酚残留量。用碳酸钾溶液提取试样，提取液经乙酸酐乙酰化后以正己烷提取，用配有质量选择检测器的气相色谱仪，采用选择离子检测进行确证，外标法定量。五氯苯酚和四氯苯酚添加水平在0．05～2．00mg／kg时，该方法平均回收率为88．8％～97．3％，精密度为2．41％～6．74％，方法测定低限为0．05mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

Antioxidant activity and protective effect against plasmid DNA strand scission of leaf, bark, and heartwood extracts from Acacia catechu

The antioxidant activity of methanol extract/fractions of leaf, bark, and heartwood of Acacia catechu was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including free radical, superoxide and hydroxyl radical, reducing power, metal ion chelation, as well as hydroxyl radical induced DNA strand scission. The leaf, bark, and heartwood powder was extracted in methanol and the lyophilized methanol extract was fractionated with different solvents in the order of increasing polarity. The results indicate that ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood has the highest antioxidant capacities, presenting lower EC(50) values particularly in free radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals (4.76 ± 0.14 μg/mL), superoxide anions (26.21 ± 0.79 μg/mL), and hydroxyl radicals (33.69 ± 1.42 μg/mL), in direct assay systems. Reducing power was also highest in ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood (EC(50) of 79.05 ± 1.02 μg/mL). As for the chelating power on ferrous ions, leaf extract was more effective than bark and heartwood extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of heartwood significantly protected pBR322 supercoiled plasmid DNA against strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals in a Fenton's reaction mixture. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present investigation suggests that the three organs of A. catechu differ significantly in their antioxidant potential as seen in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, metal ion chelating assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Further, our results showed that crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of heartwood of A. catechu might have a good potential as a source for natural health products due to its antioxidant and DNA protective activities.     

四氢萘预处理生物质快速热解制取酚类

文章提出一种以四氢萘(Tetralin,THN)为溶剂预处理生物质快速热解的方法,以实现生物质中羟基(氧)有效转移到酚类化合物中,降低热解油酸类含量。热解实验采用固定床反应器,考察了热解后气、液、固产率,采用气相色谱仪、气质联用仪及傅里叶红外光谱仪分别对热解气、液、固进行分析,结果表明,THN预处理能够有效提高核桃壳(Walnut Shell,WS)的液体产率。对热解后液体产物组分分析发现:THN预处理后液体产物中的酚类含量升高,酸类含量降低,且THN添加量越大,这种趋势越明显;当WS和THN质量比为1∶0.5时,液体产物中酚类含量为59.6%,较理论值(33.11%)增幅最大,且液体产物中几乎无酸类物质,对生物油品质提升效果最佳。     

Antioxidant potential of extracts from peels and stems of yellow-fleshed and white cassava varieties

This study focused on the exploration of the potentials of extracting antioxidants from peels and stems of yellow-fleshed and white cassava varieties. The effect of particle size (0.2 and 0.5 mm) and variety on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was assessed. The peels of the yellow-fleshed cassava variety with a particle size of 0.2 mm showed the highest phenolic content with 681.5 GAE mg 100 g⁻¹ and antioxidant activity of 19% and 425 μM TE g⁻¹ dry matter using DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. The stems of the white cassava with a particle size of 0.2 mm exhibited high phenolic content (442.4 GAE mg 100 g⁻¹) and antioxidant activity of 12.8% and 234 μM TE g⁻¹, better than the stem of the yellow-fleshed cassava. These results indicate that phenolic and antioxidant extractions were influenced by variety, the plant parts and particle size for the antioxidant assays.     

Fermented coconut jelly as a probiotic vehicle,physicochemical and microbiology characterisation during an in vitro digestion

There is little information on the survival of probiotics in plant-based foods after simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, likewise the microstructure arrangement in the no-dairy fermented food. This work aimed to study if the agar–agar in a fermented coconut jelly confers protection to probiotics, phenolic and antioxidant compounds during in vitro digestion. Samples containing higher agar–agar amounts tend to retain (P < 0.05) antioxidant and phenolic compounds in their network better, even after the in vitro digestion. Also, a compact and homogeneous microstructure was observed by the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The texture profile analysis shows that 1% of agar samples presented the maximum hardness (P < 0.05) due to more bonding points and intermolecular interactions. Finally, the survival of probiotics remained above the recommended values (10⁶–10⁷ CFU g⁻¹) after the in vitro digestion of a product with probiotic potential.     

白肋烟成熟期多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性及总酚、类黄酮动态研究

随着烟叶成熟的推进,多酚氧化酶(PP0)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性及总酚、类黄酮含量增加,过熟时略有回落,自下而上各部位分别在封顶后第3、4、5周达到峰值,此时也正值其适熟期,且各时期的值均是上部叶＞中部叶＞下部叶.以上生理生化变化与白肋烟的生长发育吻合,证实在当地生态环境和栽培措施下,TN90下、中、上各叶位适宜成熟期分别为封顶后第3、4、5周,兼顾三部位,第4周砍株晾制,可获最佳品质.这为诊断白肋烟成熟及适时采收提供了技术参数和理论依据.     

Enhancement of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) juice by block freeze concentration technology

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of freeze concentration of strawberry juice on content of total phenolic, anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity of the concentrated fluid and the ice obtained. An increase in the values of phenolic content was observed in the concentrate fraction for all the freeze concentration stages (five stages). The process efficiency presented a reduction when compared with the first stage, and however, the average efficiency remained around 65% in all the stages. The concentration of pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glycoside present in samples was increased in all stages. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the concentrated fluid of each stage, measured by DPPH and ABTS methods, was significantly higher in comparison with the juice feed. Also, antioxidant activity can be correlated with the content of pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glycoside presented in the strawberry juice. Freeze concentration can be considered a good alternative for improving the antioxidant activity of strawberry juice.     

Effect of vacuum‐drying,hot air‐drying and freeze‐drying on polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus limon) pomace aqueous extracts

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freeze‐drying, hot air‐drying and vacuum‐drying at 70, 90 and 110 °C, on dried lemon pomace polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lemon pomace dried by hot air or under vacuum than those dried by freeze‐drying and increased as the temperature increased. The highest total flavonoid content was recorded in the pomace dried under vacuum at 70 and 90 °C. Lemon pomace dried by freeze‐drying had the highest neohesperidin content, whereas pomace dried under vacuum at 70 °C had the highest rutin and p‐coumaric acid content. The highest gallic acid content was recorded in the pomace dried by hot air at 110 °C. The results of this study indicate that drying technique should be carefully selected according to the bioactive compounds aimed to be extracted.     

GAC-BAF联合工艺处理高浓度含酚废水

采用活性炭（GAC）吸附-曝气生物滤池（BAF）降解联合工艺处理高浓度含酚废水,对GAC吸附、再生,BAF降解,GAC—BAF联合工艺运行工况进行了研究。结果表明：该联合工艺能有效降解含酚废水;GAC吸附容量与进水流量无关,吸附效果在原水进水pH=3．0、温度20±2℃下达到最佳;反冲进水碱性条件下对GAC解吸再生有利,反冲流量对再生有一定影响;BAF对含酚废水的容忍浓度为1100mg／L,GAC再生废水进入BAF之前需稀释至微生物适宜的pH值和苯酚浓度;GAC—BAF联合工艺中GAC柱进水流量的选择应确保BAF床有足够时间对已吸附饱和的另一平行GAC柱完成再生。该联合工艺将GAC吸附和BAF生物降解结合成连续运行的方式,使得苯酚废水处理过程不受GAC再生的影响,解决了传统GAC吸附和生物降解不适宜处理高浓度含酚废水的缺点。     

4—氨基安替比林法测定挥发性酚空白值对校准曲线斜率的影响

4-氨基安替比林(4-AAP)试剂易吸潮结块并受空气氧化,从而使试剂空白值明显增高,必要时可将4-AAP试剂纯化。本文研究了4-AAP试剂空白值对校准曲线斜率的影响,并得出测定挥发性酚时,4-AAP试剂空白吸光度控制在0.045～0.100为最佳。