反应型肉味香料的研究进展

反应型肉味香料是利用Maillard反应原理一个应用实例，本文对肉类风味的研究历史作了简要介绍，着重介绍了利用Maillard反应制作反应型肉味香料的原理和影响因素，对Maillard反应模式体系研究、产物分析、反应控制和反应型肉味香料的法律地位、安全性作了扼要介绍。最后对反应型肉味香料的发展趋势进行了展望，指明反应型肉味香料将有着更为广阔的发展前景。     

High efficiency of proton transport by clustering nanochannels in multi-sulfonated propeller-like nonplanar hexaphenylbenzene poly(ether sulfone)s

The propeller-like nonplanar building unit containing poly(aryl ether ketone)s were synthesized from 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-benzene (BHPTPB) and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone with bis(4-hydroxydiphenyl) sulfone in NMP. New structures and/or morphologies for existing materials need to be considered in case if increased benefits are desired. The sulfonation was taken selectively on hydrophilic block segment as well as para position of the pendent phenyl groups with concentrated sulfuric acid. The stoichiometry mole ratios were changed with hydrophilic blocks of 12, 15, 17, 20, and 23 mol% of BHPTPB monomer to control the ion exchange capacity. The structural properties of polymer membranes (HP-12, 15, 17, 20, and 23) were studied by FT-IR, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The water uptakes were 8.1–69.4% at 75 °C with changing the ion exchange capacities. The resulted proton conductivities were 66.58–103.73 mS/cm at 80 °C with 90% relative humidity. The highest power density of a fuel cell using HP-23 and Nafion 211 was 0.47 and 0.45 W/cm², respectively, at 0.6 V.     

H2BPMPBD和TOPO协同萃取Ln3+的研究

研究了1,4-双(1'-苯基-3'-甲基-5'-氧代吡唑-4'-基)丁二酮(H2BPMPBD,简为H2A)和三正辛基氧化膦(TOPO)的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对Ln3+的协同萃取.用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成为LaA·HA·TOPO,考察了萃取剂浓度和溶液酸度对萃取机理的影响,测定了半萃取pH1/2值和萃取反应平衡常数Ks.e,求得了反应的焓变和熵变.     

无溶剂法合成氯甲酸苯酯

探讨了以熔融的苯酚和光气为原料,在少量催化剂作用下,无溶剂合成氯甲酸苯酯的新方法,考察了不同的催化剂、催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对反应的影响。在优化反应条件下,产品含量大于98%,平均收率88.33%。该方法后处理简单,避免了大量缚酸剂及溶剂的使用,无工艺废水产生,成本较低,适合工业化生产。     

抗氧剂三壬基苯基亚磷酸酯的合成

以壬基酚和三氯化磷为原料,芳烃为溶剂,采用直接酯化法,可制备三壬基苯基亚磷酸酯。结果表明,借助正交设计方法,确定了最佳工艺条件:壬基酚/三氯化磷(摩尔比)3.05/1.00,溶剂质量分数为壬基酚的40%~50%,三氯化磷的滴加时间1 h,滴加温度20℃,反应温度140℃,反应时间2 h,真空度(绝压)0.01 MPa,抽真空时间4 h;在此条件下制备的试样质量达到美国GE公司的质量指标,即酸值(KOH)小于0.10 mg/g,含磷质量分数大于4.20%,折光指数为1.525 5~1.528 0,黏度(60℃)大于250 mPa.s。     

一些醛、酯类香料在卷烟中的转移率与卷烟焦油量的相关性研究

使用同时蒸馏萃取及气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析方法,对注射加入卷烟中的11种香料单体的迁移率进行测定,并利用SPSS11.5软件包,分析了香料单体的迁移率与卷烟焦油量的关系。结果表明,香料的迁移率与卷烟的焦油呈正相关;相同官能团香料单体,低沸点和高沸点香料迁移率随焦油量变化较小,中高沸点香料迁移率随焦油量变化较明显。     

Analysis of Volatile Bread Aroma for Evaluation of Bread Freshness Using an Electronic Nose (E-Nose)

This paper presents the use of a tin-oxide sensor array and self-organized map (SOM)-based E-nose for analysis of volatile bread aroma and explores its ability to cluster bread odor data according to the freshness of bread. A low cost tin-oxide sensor array based electronic nose system has been used for the classification of state of freshness of bread. The sensor data was acquired for a period of 3 weeks, and an unsupervised self-organizing map (SOM) model was trained using this data to correlate the sensor response to classify the bread as fresh and stale. A comparative evaluation of 3 week' of bread data was carried out using the SOM. The results suggest that the system developed is able to predict the state of bread as fresh and stale up to 98% accuracy if the test bread data sets are of the same week. The classification accuracy reduces to 75-85% if test bread data sets are from different weeks. The model is also applied on three different brands of bread and similar classification results are obtained.     

阻燃剂双(对-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦的合成及其应用

双(对-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦(BCPPO)具有较高的热稳定性、氧化稳定性和耐水解性,是一种有很好发展前景的阻燃剂。笔者详细阐述了BCPPO的阻燃机理,通过分析不同研究者制备BCPPO的合成工艺,客观评述了各种工艺的特点,并全面介绍了BCPPO在高分子材料领域的应用,对今后BCPPO的研究提出了一些建议。     

生物催化法生产香料展望

本文介绍了目前国外采用生物催化法生产天然香料的方法及其所遇到的问题,并就解决这些问题的方法提出了相应的对策。     

1-(5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑基)-3-苯基硫脲的合成及生物活性

研究了 1 - ( 5 -乙基 - 1 ,3,4-噻二唑基 ) - 3-苯基硫脲的合成及抗菌活性。以 5 -乙基 - 2 -氨基 - 1 ,3,4-噻二唑和异硫氰酸苯酯为原料 ,在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵催化下 ,合成 1 - ( 5 -乙基 - 1 ,3,4-噻二唑基 ) - 3-苯基硫脲 ,找到了较好的合成工艺条件 ,结果表明 :5 -乙基 - 2 -氨基 - 1 ,3,4-噻二唑和异硫氰酸苯酯的摩尔比为 1∶ 1 .8,乙腈为溶剂 ,水浴加热回流 4.0 h,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为 2 g,1 - ( 5 -乙基 - 1 ,3,4-噻二唑基 ) - 3-苯基硫脲的产率为 5 9.76%。同时发现 1 - ( 5 -乙基 - 1 ,3,4-噻二唑基 ) - 3-苯基硫脲有较强的抗菌活性