Improved thermal stability of graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries using 4-isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate as an additive

To enhance the thermal stability of graphite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, 4-isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP) was investigated as an additive in the electrolyte of 1.0 M LiPF₆ in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (1:1 in weight). The electrochemical performance of Li/IPPP-electrolyte/C half cells was evaluated. The thermal behavior of Li _x C₆ and Li _x C₆-IPPP-electrolytes were examined using a C80 micro-calorimeter. Electrolytes with 5 and 10% IPPP improve the thermal stability of the graphite electrode in the tests. The electrochemical performance of Li/IPPP-electrolyte/C cells is not degraded by the addition of this amount of IPPP to the electrolyte.     

毛细管气相色谱柱近年的发展

简要地阐述了近几年毛细管气相色谱柱的发展和特点.GC的色谱柱制柱工艺是一个成熟的技术,所以在制柱工艺方面的研究不够活跃.近年新研究的固定相集中在常温离子液体和各种环糊精的衍生物.20世纪GC毛细管色谱柱柱工艺的研究主要在研究机构和学校中进行,而近几年GC毛细管色谱柱的研究和改进集中在色谱柱厂家进行,并立即成为商品柱.近年GC分析所用的色谱柱大都使用毛细管柱,并趋向于使用商品GC毛细管柱,所使用的商品色谱柱中,最多的是以含5%苯基的聚甲基硅氧烷色谱柱.     

苯薄荷醇衍生物和萘薄荷醇衍生物的合成与表征

主要研究二环[4.2.0]辛酮中间体薄荷醇衍生物的合成工艺.以(-)-1 R,2S,5R-8-苯薄荷醇和(-)-1R,2S,5R -8-萘薄荷醇为原料,通过酯化反应合成目标化合物,产率分别为58.7%、92%.其结构经 1HNMR、13CNMR进行了表征,并对标题化合物的构象稳定性和晶体结构进行了研究.     

GC/MS法分析苯硫代膦酰二氯样品中的杂质

采用美国Finnigan公司最新型号的色质联用仪GC/DSQ,定性分析了苯硫代膦酰二氯合成产品。确定了其中杂质的主要成分二苯硫代膦酰氯,并用简单的面积归一化法算出了产品和杂质的大致含量,为下一步的研究工作指明了方向。     

丙二醇苯醚的工业合成

阐述丙二醇苯醚的工业合成工艺路线和设备的选择。     

Fate of fertilizer nitrogen applied to wheat under simulated mediterranean environmental conditions

Triticum aestivumThe fate of fertilizer nitrogen applied to dryland wheat was studied in the greenhouse under simulated Mediterranian-type climatic conditions. Wheat, L., was grown in 76-cm-deep pots, each containing 50–70 kg of soil, and subjected to different watering regimes. Two calcareous clay soils were used in the experiments, Uvalde clay (Aridic Calciustoll) and Vernon clay (Typic Ustochrept). Fertilizer nitrogen balance studies were conducted using various¹⁵N-labeled nitrogen sources, including ammonium nitrate, urea, and urea amended with urea phosphate, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (a urease inhibitor), and dicyandiamide (a nitrification inhibitor). Wheat yields were most significantly affected by available water. With additional water during the growing period, the recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by wheat increased and the fraction of fertilizer nitrogen remaining in the soil decreased. In the driest regimes, from 40 to 65% of the fertilizer nitrogen remained in the soils. In most experiments the gaseous loss of fertilizer nitrogen, as estimated from unaccounted for¹⁵N, was not significantly affected by water regime. The¹⁵N not accounted for in the plant and the soil at harvest ranged from 12 to 25% for ammonium nitrate and from 12 to 38% for regular urea. Direct measurement of labeled ammonia loss from soil indicated that ammonia volatilization probably was the main N loss mechanism. Low unaccounted-for¹⁵N from nitrate-labeled ammonium nitrate, 4 to 10%, indicated that N losses due to denitrification, gaseous loss from plants, or shedding of anthers and pollen were small or negligible. Amendment of urea with urea phosphate to form a 36% N and 7.3% P product was ineffective in reducing N loss. Dicyandiamide did not reduce N loss from urea presumably because N was not leached from the sealed pots and denitrification was insignificant. Amendment of urea with 2% phenyl phosphorodiamidate reduced N loss significantly. However, band placement of urea at as 2-cm soil depth was more effective in reducing N loss than was amendment of broadcast urea with phenyl phosphorodiamidate.     

Preference for novel flavors in adult Norway Rats ( Rattus norvegicus).

The authors fed rats 1 of 2 distinctively flavored, roughly equipalatable diets for 3 days then offered them an ad libitum choice between the 2 diets. For 3 days, subjects exhibited a reduced relative intake of whichever diet they had previously eaten (Experiment 1). Such reduction in relative intake was as effective as a toxicosis-induced conditioned aversion in determining subjects' food choices (Experiment 2). The strength of exposure-induced reduction in relative intake did not depend on similarity of the 2 diets offered for choice either to each other or to subjects' maintenance diet (Experiment 3) but did require continuous exposure to a diet (Experiment 4). These experiments provide the first evidence of a robust, exposure-induced decrease in food preference in rats lasting for days rather than minutes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

耐高温低磨耗聚苯酯改性聚四氟乙烯

本文介绍了特种工程塑料聚苯酯的性能、用途以及聚苯酯改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)塑料的加工、性能及应用情况     

Treatment performance of volatile organic sulfide compounds by the immobilized microorganisms of B350 group in a biotrickling filter

BACKGROUND: In this work, the feasibility of biodegradation and the removal performance of sole and mixed odorous vapors, such as dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS), and ethanethiol (EtSH) in an EtSH‐acclimated biotrickling filter seeded with commercially available B350 microorganisms, were investigated. RESULTS: Removal efficiencies (REs) for DMDS as a sole substrate were evaluated under different inlet concentrations and empty bed residence times (EBRT), 100% RE was achieved at concentration below 0.4 g m^?3 at EBRT 110 s. In addition, 100% RE was obtained for binary EtSH and DMDS (3:2) at the same EBRT. According to the Michaelis–Menten type kinetic equation, the maximum removal rates (V_max) were calculated as 28.7 and 13.9 g m^?3 h^?1 for DMDS and MPS as sole substrate, respectively, while V_max was 22.1 and 10.1 g m^?3 h^?1 for DMDS and MPS in the presence of EtSH and EtSH‐DMDS mixture, respectively. After 5 and 20 days starvation, the re‐acclimation times were only 2 and 8 days, respectively, for the binary system. An EtSH:DMDS:MPS (3:2:1) ternary mixture was removed efficiently by the rebooted system after starvation. CONCLUSION: The proposed system can be applied to cost‐effectively decompose a mixture of volatile organic sulfide compounds at pilot scale. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bromophenol Distribution in Salmon and Selected Seafoods of Fresh- and Saltwater Origin

Analysis of saltwater Pacific salmon (Onchorynchus sp.) showed that sufficient concentrations of bromophenols were present in saltwater salmon to provide sea-, brine-, or iodine- like flavor notes, but the compounds were virtually absent in spawning run ocean and prime condition Great Lakes freshwater salmon. Octanol/water partition coefficients revealed that bromophenols would be readily absorbed by fish from the diet. Analysis of marine fish, crustaceans, and molluscs also revealed notable concentrations of bromophenols in all samples. Only sporadic, low concentrations of bromophenols were found in freshwater fish. The data support the hypothesis that simple bromophenols are widely distributed in marine species via the food chain.