磷矿浮选废水回用过程中结垢与阻垢试验研究

响应面回归分析法是优化实验条件的综合方法。本文将该方法用于分析动态条件下磷矿浮选回水结垢行为,和分析阻垢剂HEDP、PBTCA与ATMPA阻垢性能的影响因素是否存在交互作用。单因素试验表明,循环时间、回水流速和温度对结垢行为和阻垢剂的阻垢性能影响显著;响应曲面分析表明,循环时间、回水流速和温度两两之间交互作用不显著;回归分析拟合结果与实验实测值相关性高。通过响应曲面回归分析法对动态条件下结垢行为影响因子及其交互作用进行评价,不仅可减少试验工作量,还可对连续变量建立直观的响应曲面模型,为磷矿浮选废水回用领域结垢与阻垢的研究提供参考意义。     

前和煤业东胶带运输大巷钻孔卸压围岩控制技术

为有效解决前和煤业3#煤层东胶带大巷在原有锚网索支护下围岩变形量大的问题,结合巷道变形特征,确定采用钻孔卸压技术,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方式确定卸压钻孔在修巷作业前,垂直于巷帮打设,钻孔深度为8 m,结合巷道的具体条件确定巷道采用卸压钻孔+让压支护的围岩控制方案,并采用矿压监测验证支护效果。结果表明:支护方案实施后,顶底板和两帮的最大移近量分别为141 mm和132 mm,有效解决了巷道两帮及底板鼓起量大的问题,保证了巷道围岩的稳定性。     

羊场湾煤矿软岩底板炉渣混凝土加固技术

为提高软岩底板强度而供无轨胶轮车等大型车辆行驶,结合羊场湾煤矿16206机巷软岩底板地质条件,研究了炉渣混凝土底板加固技术,确定了合理的配比方案,并对机巷现场进行混凝土地坪铺设应用。研究与应用结果表明：炉渣混凝土底板强度可满足大型车辆连续运输所需,极大地提高了底板承载能力,防止底鼓,为长距离巷道实现连续运输提供了基础保障。     

塔山矿新型27 mm高强玻璃钢锚杆技术应用

由于塔山矿回采巷道均为放顶煤开采,矿压显现明显,巷道断面大,在回采过程中尾顺槽围岩变形量大,致使使用传统普通玻璃钢锚杆支护时出现杆体被拉断、杆体尾部被剪断等支护失效现象。为了解决上述问题,采用新型27 mm高强玻璃钢锚杆对塔山矿8112工作面进行试验。试验结果表明,在保证采掘安全的前提下,使用新型锚杆取代普通锚杆,可以大大提高巷道支护的稳定性,节约巷道支护成本,保证施工工期正常完成,同时提高工作面回采效率。采用新型锚杆后,使巷道支护兼具安全、经济双重效益,同时对全矿井以及其他所有同类型矿井类似回采巷道,具有积极的推广和借鉴意义。     

二里河铅锌矿井下支护方案综述

为总结出一套适合矿山实际的支护方案,二里河铅锌矿在矿山生产的20余年里,引进了多种支护工艺进行试验。矿山根据井巷、硐室所处工程环境,确定了锚杆、钢筋、钢架、混凝土进行单一或组合支护的方案,特别是千枚岩内12.4 m跨度的提升机硐室支护方式与参数,对矿山软弱岩层大跨度硐室工程支护具有参考价值。采场则按照急倾斜、缓倾斜矿体上盘千枚岩支护为例,分别列举了锚杆、锚杆+锚索支护的工程方案。采场联络巷、矿房行人通道等区域利用支柱+横梁临时支护。不但提高了采场作业安全性,也使采矿损失率降低5%,贫化率降低7%。     

矿山深部开采岩体稳定性监测技术研究

针对矿山深部开采过程中易发生地压动力灾害的问题,基于微震监测技术,结合矿山实际特点建立岩体稳定性监测系统。优化台网设计,通过定点爆破的方法进行波速校正,最终建立了定位误差在10m,灵敏度在-2.2的监测台网。对监测数据进行波形拾取,分析微震事件时空演化特征,圈定潜在危险区域,并对潜在危险区域围岩变形损伤进行分析。最终总结出微震事件大幅度上升且处于较高水平、空间分布高度集聚、能量指数突然下降而累计视体积迅速上升的动力灾害预警前兆。研究结果可为深部开采岩体稳定性监测提供参考。     

Effect of graphite particles as additive on the curing behaviour of β-tricalcium phosphate suspensions and scaffold fabrication by digital light processing

Reducing the viscosity of high solid-loading ceramic suspensions and controlling the resolution of ceramic green parts produced by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing are two important concerns in the ceramic additive manufacturing industry. The presence of ceramic particles within a photopolymerizable system leads to light scattering that reduces the resolution of the ceramic green scaffolds. This study introduced a graphite additive to solve these problems and focused on the effects of graphite concentration on the viscosity, curing behaviour and scaffold fabrication of β-TCP ceramic suspensions. As a result, it was found that an appropriate addition of graphite reduced the viscosity of the ceramic suspensions, and the light scattering decreased with the increase of graphite concentration. Both the cure depth (C_d) and excess width (C_ex) also decreased with the increase of graphite concentration. But, graphite has a larger effect on the width curing than depth curing.     

分子筛协同有机磷酸盐改性聚丙烯性能的研究

采用直接混合法制得等规聚丙烯(iPP)/分子筛体系和iPP/有机磷酸盐成核剂(NA11)/分子筛体系,研究不同种类分子筛在不同含量下对iPP结晶温度及力学性能的影响,进而研究不同分子筛在低含量下协同有机磷酸盐对iPP体系成核性能的影响,从动力学角度解释了提升原因。结果表明,单独添加分子筛制得的iPP体系,随着分子筛含量的增加,结晶性能和力学性能得到显著提升,不同分子筛对iPP性能的影响不同,ZSM-5型分子筛在含量为5%(质量分数,下同)以上具有促进iPPβ晶型生成的效果;采用直接混合法制得的不同分子筛复配有机磷酸酯钠盐NA11成核剂可提升iPP的力学性能;特别是当0.1%NA11和0.1%4A型分子筛一起添加到iPP中时,可在保证iPP具有较好刚性的同时兼具有良好的韧性,使iPP的弯曲模量提高35.2%、冲击强度提高14.4%,从而达到促进iPP材料刚韧平衡的效果。     

The Modification of Chrome Tanned Leather by Polyethylene Glycol-Linked Gemini Fatty Alcohol Phosphate

A series of polyethylene glycol-linked Gemini fatty alcohol phosphate surfactants (GFAP) were prepared with long chain n-alkanol (C = 8, 12, 16, 18), polyethylene glycol (PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-800, PEG-1000) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃). The structure of the prepared surfactants was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The surfactants were employed for the modification of chrome-tanned leather. The morphological changes of chrome-tanned leather and modified chrome-tanned leather were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationship between the alkyl chain length and molecular weight of the PEG and the hydrophobicity, softness, mechanical strength of modified chrome-tanned leather was also discussed. The experimental results showed that the mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were enhanced with an increase of alkyl chain length, while the hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness were decreased with an increase of molecular weight of the PEG. The hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were optimized for an alkyl chain length of 16. Therefore, 16–200 Gemini phosphate surfactants with an alkyl chain length of 16 and a PEG molecular weight of 200 have a good comprehensive modification effect on Chrome-tanned leather, the tensile strength, tear strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather are 57.07 N mm⁻², 79.49 N mm⁻¹, 9.73 mm, respectively.     

不同粒径改性粉煤灰对磷酸根吸附性能的影响

废水排放过量的磷导致水体污染日益严重,将粉煤灰通过化学改性制备成了水化硅酸钙吸附剂,研究了改性吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附效果。利用XRD, SEM及BET比表面积等手段对粒度分级前后的吸附剂进行表征,研究不同粒级吸附剂对磷酸根的吸附性能,并考察其吸附机理。结果表明,不同粒级的吸附剂其化学成分出现了明显的偏析现象,孔隙结构也差异显著。相比其他粒径下的吸附剂颗粒,颗粒粒径在50?75 μm时,吸附剂中钙和硅含量较多,铝、铁和镁含量较低,水化硅酸钙组分含量最高,且伴有含铝的托贝莫来石晶体出现,钙离子的增加使其可以与更多的磷酸根结合形成沉淀。同时此粒径下具有较高的比表面积及孔隙度,疏松多孔的结构为钙离子提供更多活性位点。当使用粒径在50?75 μm的吸附剂吸附磷酸根时,磷的饱和吸附量可达到17.1 mg/g,比未分级的吸附剂高19.58%。