我国典型建筑保温材料生产生命周期评价研究

运用生命周期评价方法,对我国3类典型建筑保温材料(聚苯板、岩棉板、硬泡聚氨酯板)功能单位(以单位质量kg计)生产生命周期过程中产生的资源、能源消耗和污染气体排放进行调研与分析,并计算获得3类保温材料生产生命周期不可再生资源消耗、能源消耗和温室效应影响.同时,为更好地比较不同保温材料之间的生命周期环境友好性差异,结合保温材料在不同区域的使用特性,将功能单位进一步扩展为“满足相同节能要求的单位面积(以m2计)产品生产”,并进行计算分析.结果显示,以“单位质量kg”计,岩棉板生产生命周期环境影响最小,硬泡聚氨酯板次之,聚苯板最大;而以“满足相同节能要求的单位面积m2”计,则聚苯板生产生命周期的环境影响最小,岩棉板最大.     

磷矿浮选废水治理的探索与实践

酸碱中和破坏尾矿废水胶体分解系,使细悬浮微粒形成絮状沉淀物沉降在库区内,浑浊在尾矿废水变澄清,处理后的外排清水ｐＨ值控制在７－８时,其他各指标均达到国家二级排放标准。     

造粒机对球形颗粒状磷酸二铵成粒的影响因素分析

结合180kt／a粒状磷酸二铵装置在喷浆造粒过程中出现的问题,对造粒机机体内部结构进行了分析。从造粒机氨分布器、料浆分布器、管式反应器以及造粒机筒体转速、橡胶衬板等找出影响磷酸二铵成粒的因素,并提出相应的改进意见。     

合成草酸亚铁实验条件的考察

采用硫酸亚铁铵和草酸溶液在酸性介质条件下合成含有结晶水的草酸亚铁.通过优化实验条件、定性产物及组成的测定,实验结果表明:加热反应时间为120min时,合成样品的结晶水的个数与理论值非常接近,即合成样品为FeC2O4·2.01H2O,且产率为96%,其中样品ω(Fe3 )=0.28%.TG-DTA分析结果表明草酸亚铁分解是由脱水和分解两部分组成,样品属于二水化合物.从200℃开始,草酸亚铁开始分解,到300℃完全分解为氧化亚铁、一氧化碳和二氧化碳,失重率达56.5%.这主要是由于在氧气气氛中进行,氧化亚铁不稳定,会有少量三氧化二铁生成.由此可见,自制的草酸亚铁可以作为合成磷酸亚铁锂的原材料,可满足其电化学性能的要求.     

Effect of the concentration of diphenyloctyl phosphate as a flame-retarding additive on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries

We selected diphenyloctyl phosphate (DPOF) as a flame-retardant and plasticizer, and studied the influence of different amounts of the DPOF additive on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. The electrochemical cell performances of the additive-containing electrolytes in combination with a cell comprising an LiCoO₂ cathode and mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) anode were tested in coin cells. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results showed that the oxidation potential of the electrolyte containing DPOF in the concentration range from 10 to 30 wt.% is about 4.75-5.5 V versus Li/Li⁺. In the present work, a DPOF content of 10 wt.% in the 1.15 M LiPF₆/EC:EMC (4:6 by vol.%) electrolyte turned out to be the optimum condition for the improvement of the electrochemical cell performance, due to the decrease of the irreversible capacity during the first cycle and decrease of the charge-transfer resistance after 40 cycles.     

The methionine precursor dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid protects intestinal epithelial barrier function

dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) is a source of dietary methionine (Met) that is widely used in poultry nutrition. We have previously shown that HMTBA is preferentially diverted to the transsulfuration pathway, which gives antioxidant metabolites such as taurine and glutathione. Therefore, here we hypothesize that this Met source can protect epithelial barrier function in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation of Caco-2 cells. The results show that HMTBA prevents the increase in paracellular permeability induced by H₂O₂ or tumour necrosis factor-α. This effect can be attributed to the increased production of taurine and reduced glutathione. Similar results were obtained for dl-Met, although the protective role of the amino acid was less pronounced than that of the hydroxy analogue. In conclusion, the diversion to the transsulfuration pathway means that this Met precursor is of greater value than previously thought, due to its capacity to improve intestinal homeostasis and the quality of poultry products destined for human consumption.     

Improving the flame retardancy of PET fiber by constructing the carbon microspheres based melamine polyphosphate powder

Abstract

Carbon microspheres (CMSs) as carbon source, melamine phosphate (MP) as acid source and gas source, the integrated CMSs based MP composites (SiMP-CMSs) was in-situ prepared to improve the flame retardancy of PET fiber. A series of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber were prepared by the melt spinning method. By investigating the thermal stability, flame retardancy, flame-retardant mode, crystallization and orientation degree of PET composite fiber, the results showed that, with the addition of 0.9?wt% SiMP-CMSs, the LOI value and vertical combustion grade of SiMP-CMSs/PET composite fiber was 27.4% and B1 level. The main flame-retardant mode of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber was 31.33% physical barrier, 36.04% flame inhibition and 11.12% catalytic charring. The thermal decomposition temperature was delayed, and the residual amount increased from 11.34% to 16.13%. With the accelerated crystallization rate and the increased grain orientation, the aggregated structure of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber was also optimized.     

具有不同EO加和数的醇醚磷酸酯盐在织物表面的应用

以窄分布脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐(AEP-K)为研究对象,研究其结构对表面活性、耐碱渗透性、抗静电性和柔顺性的影响。结果表明,EO加和数的改变会使其各项性能发生变化;其中较大EO加和数的AEP-K具有更好的耐碱性、渗透性和抗静电性;而较小EO加和数的AEP-K具有更好的表面活性,还可以提升整理织物的柔顺性。此外,使用Washburn法测量棉纤维的固液接触角,确定了AEP-K吸附有利于提升纤维的表面能,改善亲水性。在扫描电镜下可以看到,AEP-K改性的棉纤维更加光滑,能量散射光谱显示醇醚磷酸酯盐以阴离子形式吸附于纤维表面。     

磷酸酯化直/支链淀粉的性能测试与比较

为了研制应用性能可以在一定范围内定量调整的磷酸酯化淀粉,采用干法制备了磷酸酯化直链淀粉和磷酸酯化支链淀粉,并用IR光谱、X-衍射光谱进行了表征;测定和比较了质量比分别为3∶1、1∶1、1∶3的磷酸酯化直/支链淀粉的透光率、抗凝沉性、冻融稳定性、吸水性、吸油性、黏度及黏度热稳定性等应用性能。试验结果表明:磷酸酯化直/支链淀粉的透光率、抗凝沉性、冻融稳定性、吸水性、黏度及黏度热稳定性随着磷酸酯化支链淀粉比例的增加而逐渐增大,吸油性则逐渐减小。     

防龋齿口香糖中糖醇类成分对CPPs延缓磷酸钙沉淀性能的影响

防龋齿口香糖常用糖醇类成分(木糖醇、山梨醇、甘露醇)及热加工条件等对酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPPs)延缓磷酸钙沉淀形成能力的影响进行研究。研究表明温度在100℃以下时,对CPPs延缓磷酸钙沉淀的能力没有太大的影响。当浓度在2%～14%范围内,甘露醇对CPPs延缓磷酸钙沉淀的能力有增强作用;山梨醇对CPPs延缓磷酸钙沉淀的能力有减弱作用;而木糖醇在浓度小于6%时对CPPs延缓磷酸钙沉淀的能力有增强作用,大于6%有减弱作用。