水源水质受DEHP污染的粉末活性炭吸附处理工艺

采用含邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的试验水样模拟城市取水水源发生DEHP水污染事故,测定粉末活性炭(PAC)对水样中DEHP的吸附性能,考察PAC炭种、吸附时间、DEHP初始浓度和PAC投加量等因素对DEHP的吸附量和脱除率的影响。试验结果表明:木屑PAC具有较大的比表面积,对DEHP具有良好的吸附效果,适用于DEHP水污染的应急处理。应急处理一般的DEHP水污染事故,DEHP污染浓度超标10～30倍时,PAC吸附DEHP的最佳条件为:吸附时间120 min,PAC投加量为20～80 mg/L,PAC对DEHP的吸附过程符合Henry等温式。     

Relationships between base-catalyzed hydrolysis rates or glutathione reactivity for acrylates and methacrylates and their NMR spectra or heat of formation

The NMR chemical shift, i.e., the π-electron density of the double bond, of acrylates and methacrylates is related to the reactivity of their monomers. We investigated quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) between the base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constants (k1) or the rate constant with glutathione (GSH) (log k(GSH)) for acrylates and methacrylates and the (13)C NMR chemical shifts of their α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups (δC(α) and δC(β)) or heat of formation (Hf) calculated by the semi-empirical MO method. Reported data for the independent variables were employed. A significant linear relationship between k1 and δC(β), but not δC(α), was obtained for methacrylates (r(2) = 0.93), but not for acrylates. Also, a significant relationship between k1 and Hf was obtained for both acrylates and methacrylates (r(2) = 0.89). By contrast, log k(GSH) for acrylates and methacrylates was linearly related to their δC(β) (r(2) = 0.99), but not to Hf. These findings indicate that the (13)C NMR chemical shifts and calculated Hf values for acrylates and methacrylates could be valuable for estimating the hydrolysis rate constants and GSH reactivity of these compounds. Also, these data for monomers may be an important tool for examining mechanisms of reactivity.     

五元含氮杂环硼酸及其酯合成研究进展

五元含氮杂环硼酸及其酯可用于一系列新型药物合成设计和高通量筛选化合物库的建立,在医药领域中占有极其重要的地位。到目前为止,五元含氮杂环硼酸及其酯衍生物的合成已经取得了新的进展。综述了近年来五元含氮杂环硼酸及其酯的合成研究进展,主要包括吡咯硼酸及其酯、咪唑硼酸及其酯、吡唑硼酸及其酯、三唑硼酸及其酯的合成方法。     

CPAM的制备及其对环境激素DMP的去除

引言混凝沉降法作为提高水质处理效率的一种经济、简便的方法备受关注,而混凝处理过程中,混凝剂的种类、性质是混凝处理效果好坏的关键因素。其中有机高分子混凝剂更是成为近年来的研究热点[1-4]。聚丙烯酰胺作为一种高效的有机高分子混凝剂,具有正电荷密度高、相对分子质     

腐殖酸共存条件下NF90纳滤膜去除水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

水中共存有机物会对纳滤产生影响,以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为对象,研究了NF90膜对纯水、模拟水和河水中DBP的去除效果。DBP的初始质量浓度为100μg/L。结果表明,NF90膜能实现对微量DBP的有效去除,截留率高达90%以上;在模拟水中,腐殖酸共存时,会引起膜通量的下降和截留率的上升,pH为7时,截留率最高,其他无机离子(K+、Ca2+)的加入,会减小膜通量增大截留率,其中,Ca2+的影响尤为明显;河水中的无机物和有机物成分复杂,膜通量会进一步减小,截留率进一步提高;纳滤初期,吸附会影响截留率,6 h后吸附达到饱和,稳定运行96 h后,膜污染会引起膜通量和截留率的下降。     

固体催化剂催化高酸值鱼油的甲酯化研究

以高酸值鱼油为原料,利用Amberlyst15固体酸催化剂在温和条件下进行酯化反应降低酸值,再由氧化钙固体碱催化剂催化转酯化得到鱼油脂肪酸甲酯。采用正交设计优化反应条件,预酯化：催化剂用量15%,反应温度75℃,n（醇）/n（油）14,反应时间1.5 h,酸值降为3.35 mg/g,二次预酯化酸值降至1.24 mg/g;酯交换：催化剂用量为10%,反应温度65℃,n（醇）/n（油）为6,反应时间为3 h,鱼油甲酯收率为93.7%。     

Structure−Activity Relationships of Cinnamate Ester Analogues as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents

Protozoal infections are still a global health problem, threatening the lives of millions of people around the world, mainly in impoverished tropical and sub-tropical regions. Thus, in view of the lack of efficient therapies and increasing resistances against existing drugs, this study describes the antiprotozoal potential of synthetic cinnamate ester analogues and their structure-activity relationships. In general, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei were quite susceptible to the compounds in a structure-dependent manner. Detailed analysis revealed a key role of the substitution pattern on the aromatic ring and a marked effect of the side chain on the activity against these two parasites. The high antileishmanial potency and remarkable selectivity of the nitro-aromatic derivatives suggested them as promising candidates for further studies. On the other hand, the high in vitro potency of catechol-type compounds against T. brucei could not be extrapolated to an in vivo mouse model.     

Toughening of cycloaliphatic epoxy resins by poly(ethylene phthalate) and related copolyesters

Poly(ethylene phthalate) (PEP) and poly(ethylene phthalate–co‐ethylene terephthalate) were used to improve the brittleness of the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin 3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (Celoxide 2021?), cured with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride. The aromatic polyesters used were soluble in the epoxy resin without solvents and effective as modifiers for toughening the cured epoxy resin. For example, the inclusion of 20 wt % PEP (MW, 7400) led to a 130% increase in the fracture toughness (K_IC) of the cured resin with no loss of mechanical and thermal properties. The toughening mechanism is discussed in terms of the morphological and dynamic viscoelastic behaviors of the modified epoxy resin system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 388–399, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10363     

金属钠——乙醇还原酯的机理

本文介绍了一种较为合理的纳在乙醇中还原酯的机理     

对羟基苯甲酸酯的催化剂研究

综述了固体超强酸TiO2/SO42-,磷钨、硅钨杂多酸及固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2,浓硫酸(微波常压法),Lewis酸(FeCl3·6H2O,Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O)等几种不同催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸酯的实验结果.分析各种固体催化剂对该酯化反应的催化活性、选择性、重复使用性能及使用范围.