家具中邻苯二甲酸酯国内外检测标准比对

本文从家具和家具原材料邻苯二甲酸酯限量指标和测定方法两个方面,将我国标准与国际、国外相关标准、法规等进行了比对分析,并提出了相关改进建议。测定方法的比对重点包括:样品质量、萃取方式、定容方式、分析仪器和定量方法等。     

Phthalates in Chinese vehicular environments: Source emissions,concentrations, and human exposure

Phthalates are typical air pollutants in vehicular environment since numerous synthetic materials that might contain phthalates are widely used to fabricate vehicle interiors (e.g., seat cushions, floor mats and dashboards). Hitherto, the importance of phthalate pollution in vehicular environment is not well-recognized because people spend only a small portion (around 8%) of their time in vehicles. In this study, the mass fractions of six phthalates in nine materials commonly used in Chinese vehicles (floor mats and seat cushions) were measured. Two phthalates, di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), were identified in most materials (the other phthalates were not detected). The emission characteristics of DnBP and DEHP from these materials were further investigated. The measured emission parameters were used as input for a mass-transfer model to estimate DnBP and DEHP concentrations in cabin air. Finally, the ratios between human exposures (via inhalation and dermal absorption from the gas phase) in vehicular environment and the total exposures in typical indoor environments (e.g., residences and offices) were estimated to be up to 110% and 20% for DnBP and DEHP, respectively. Based on these results, the vehicular environment might be a considerable site for human exposure to airborne phthalates.     

Perinatal Exposure to Phthalates: From Endocrine to Neurodevelopment Effects

Phthalates, as other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), may alter the homeostasis and the action of hormones and signaling molecules, causing adverse health outcomes. This is true especially for infants, who are both more exposed and sensitive to their effects. Phthalates are particularly harmful when the exposure occurs during certain critical temporal windows of the development, such as the prenatal and the early postnatal phases. Phthalates may also interfere with the neuroendocrine systems (e.g., thyroid hormone signaling or metabolism), causing disruption of neuronal differentiation and maturation, increasing the risk of behavioral and cognitive disorders (ADHD and autistic behaviors, reduced mental, psychomotor, and IQ development, and emotional problems). Despite more studies being needed to better understand the role of these substances, plenty of evidence suggests the impact of phthalates on the neuroendocrine system development and function. This review aims to update the knowledge on the neuroendocrine consequences of neonatal and perinatal exposure to phthalates.     

两种测定PVC电线中邻苯二甲酸酯含量方法的比较

本文分别采用EN 14372-2004(索氏提取法)和CPSC-CH-C1001-09.3(溶解凝固法)对两种家用电器中常用的PVC(聚氯乙烯)电线中的邻苯二甲酸酯类进行测定和比较。本文从标准要求和试验原理出发,分析比较了两种标准的试验方法,对开展邻苯二甲酸酯类分析检测工作具有重要指导意义。     

离子迁移谱法快速测定纺织品增塑剂

采用离子迁移谱技术（IMS）定性筛查纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。优化的IMS检测条件为：进样口温度190 ℃,迁移管温度为正模式190 ℃、负模式130 ℃,进样时间为10 s（仪器采集10条谱线）每次样品的分析时间为30 s。     

Study on the influence of temperature,storage time and packaging type on di-n-butylphthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate release into packed meals

Ready-to-eat meals packed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and aluminium dishes, supplied to patients in two hospitals in the Campania region (Italy), were studied to evaluate the probable migration of di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from the packaging into the food. The influence of temperature, storage time and type of package on the migration process was considered, analysing the meals according to three time ranges, before the packaging (T ₀) and after 60?min (T ₁) and 120?min (T ₂) from packaging during the storage in thermostatic delivery carts. At T ₀ in the meals sampled before packaging in PET dishes, mean levels of DBP and DEHP were 0.023?±?0.002?µg/g and 0.069?±?0.041?µg/g, respectively; the DBP level increased 230% and that of DEHP increased 208% by time T ₀ versus T ₂. In the meals sampled before packaging (T ₀) in aluminium dishes, the mean levels of DBP and DEHP were 0.030?±?0.001?µg/g and 0.057?±?0.015?µg/g, respectively. The significant increase in contaminant levels over storage times for meals packed in PET dishes demonstrates that from packages made of plastic materials the migration of phthalic acid esters into foods is possible. In meals packed in PET dishes, the highest DBP and DEHP increases were observed in the T ₀ to T ₁ range, which represented the time interval over which meals were kept hot, and mainly in the first ones, where the highest temperatures have been recorded.     

Consumer exposure to phthalates from paper packaging: an integrated approach

This paper presents an integrated approach to estimate the exposure of the Portuguese population to phthalates as a contaminant originating from paperboard packaging. The approach combined data of migrant concentration in the foods resulting from a stochastic simulation with consumption data of food packaged in paperboard. The results from the exposure model were validated with experimental values actually found in the food. A short surveillance exercise was conducted with samples collection from market shelves to identify and quantify the phthalates present in both the packages and the food. The distribution of values for the di-butyl phthalate concentration in the packages was used as the input of the initial concentration in the Weibull model to estimate the concentration of this phthalate in the foods. This distribution of occurrence data was then combined with the packaging usage data in a probabilistic simulation with a Monte Carlo sampling method. Exposure values ranged between zero and 8.95 µg day^?1 kg_bw, a value close to the tolerable daily intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)–10 µg day^?1 kg_bw. However, the 97.5th percentile and the average were 1.82 and 0.44 day^?1 kg_bw, respectively, indicating that further refinement of the estimates is not necessary. Other phthalates were also detected in the packaging samples: di-isobutyl phthalate and di-ethylhexyl phthalate. The latter was present in all packaging samples collected and was detected in a few food samples at values requiring further investigation.     

气相色谱-质谱联用测定纺织品中10种邻苯二甲酸酯含量的探究

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定纺织品中10种邻苯二甲酸酯含量的快速方法。采用适宜的色谱条件对目标产物进行分离,一次进样分离只需23 min。此外,还探究了不同萃取溶剂、萃取方法以及超声萃取溶剂的温度和时间对测定结果的影响。在该方法的色谱条件下,通过测定回收率和目标产物的线性来验证方法的可行性。实验结果表明,6种邻苯二甲酸酯(DIBP、DBP、DPP、BPP、DEHP和DNOP)在0.4~10 mg/L范围内线性良好,加标回收率在85.5%~101.0%范围内,4种邻苯二甲酸酯(DMEP、DIHP、DINP和DIDP)在2~50 mg/L范围内线性良好,加标回收率在92.7%~102.1%范围内,满足ISO 14389-2014的标准要求。     

2013年内蒙古地区市售植物油中3种邻苯二甲酸酯含量调查分析

目的 了解内蒙古地区市售植物油中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalates esters, PAEs)类物质的污染情况,为加强食品安全监督管理提供依据。方法 2013年期间,在内蒙古地区各大型超市、农贸市场和食品商店等流通领域抽取不同品牌的桶装植物油共150份。采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定了植物油样本中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(Dinonylphthalate,DINP、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基已基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP))的浓度。结果 在采集的150份样品中,共有46份样品检测出邻苯二甲酸酯类物质DBP与DEHP,总检出率为30.67%,其中,DBP和DEHP的检出率分别为18.67%和20.00%,最高检出浓度分别为46.50 mg/kg和0.85 mg/kg,DBP检出超标样品15份,超标率为10.00%; DINP在所有样本中没有检出。结论 在2013年期间,内蒙古地区市售植物油中3种PAEs的总体检出率不高,但是个别样本中DBP的检出值较高。邻苯二甲酸酯类属于环境激素类,被我国卫生行政部们列入可能违法添加的非食用物质和易滥用的食品添加剂名单,因此,应加强植物油生产过程的监管及食品包装材料对植物油的污染,定期开展监测工作。     

进口葡萄酒中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测及分析

参考国标GB/T 21911-2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）的测定》,采用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对10个进口国的323个葡萄酒样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质进行检测。结果表明,葡萄酒中检出概率较高的PAEs为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯（DCHP）。葡萄酒中PAEs的污染主要是由于酿造或贮存过程中,葡萄酒与含有PAEs的生产器具接触导致的,酒精度越高,葡萄酒受PAEs污染的概率越大。