工科物理化学教学内容的几点思考

基于工科物理化学教学目前重理论、轻应用,与前设课程交叉过多以及缺乏新理论等状况,针对物理化学课程的特点,从教材选择、授课内容调整、与前设课程的关系、经典理论的加强以及前沿理论的引入等方面,对工科物理化学教学内容和教学方法的改革进行了探讨。     

热分析法研究AlH_3与固体推进剂组分的相容性

用DSC研究了三氢化铝(AlH3)与固体推进剂常用黏合剂、增塑剂、固化剂和固体填料的相容性。结果表明,根据DSC曲线的结果和评价相容性的标准,AlH3与硝化棉(NC)、硝化甘油(NG)、硝化甘油-1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯混合物(NG-BTTN)、二缩三乙二醇二硝酸酯(TEGDN)、丁基硝氧乙基硝胺(BuNENA)和双2,2-二硝基丙醇缩甲醛-缩乙醛(BDNPA-F)的二元混合物分解反应峰温比各单独化合物的分解反应峰温降低5.5~15.8℃,显示AlH3与上述组分的相容性较差。AlH3与常用黏合剂聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PET)、固化剂异佛二酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六次甲基二异氰酸酯水合物(N-100)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、固体填料铝粉(Al)、奥克托金(HMX)、高氯酸铵(AP)和二硝酰胺铵(ADN)均相容。     

纳米CuCr_2O_4的制备及其对AP热分解性能的影响

采用HLG-5型纳米化粉碎机制备了粒径约为60nm的纳米CuCr2O4,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了样品的结构及形貌,分析了纳米CuCr2O4的形成机理,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了原料CuCr2O4和纳米CuCr2O4对AP热分解性能的影响。结果表明,与原料CuCr2O4相比,质量分数2%的纳米CuCr2O4对AP具有更好的催化性能,可使AP的低温分解峰减弱,高温分解峰温降低67℃,反应速率常数提高数倍,使AP的表观分解热从821J/g提高到1 393J/g,增长率为69.7%。     

单聚合物复合材料研究进展

综述了单聚合物复合材料的种类、制备方法及其研究现状,着重分析了各种制备方法的优缺点,最后就单聚合物复合材料的前景进行了展望。指出聚砜酰胺基单聚合物复合材料玻璃化转变温度高于300℃,热分解温度超过420℃,热稳定性和阻燃性能均优异,有望成为新一代航空材料;借助静电纺丝技术使材料纳米或微米化,其制备的单聚复合材料力学性能有大幅提高;单聚合物复合材料在航空航天、汽车工业等领域的应用是今后的研究重点;单聚合物复合材料在生物领域有很大的应用前景。     

YT822A型芳纶纸蜂窝性能研究

采用YT822A型芳纶纸和新型酚醛树脂制造了大尺寸蜂窝芯材,研究了YT822A型芳纶纸蜂窝的物理参数、力学性能及阻燃性能,并且与BMS 8-124AB规定的各项性能指标进行了比对。试验结果表明:YT822A型芳纶纸蜂窝芯材具有优异的综合性能,且各项参数和性能均能达到BMS 8-124AB的指标要求,为国产蜂窝芯材走向国际市场开拓了道路。     

The Impact of PAHs Contamination on the Physicochemical Properties and Microbiological Activity of Industrial Soils

The aim of this article is the study of the potential relationships between PAHs contamination, physicochemical parameters, and microbial activity in industrial soils. The research was based on two series of measurements. The first was conducted in June 2013 and the second in November 2013. Samples used in study were collected from the area of fuel handling and a loading station, located in the Silesia region of Poland. All collected samples were characterized by the following analytical procedures: PAHs content analysis, the basic physical and chemical parameters determinations (pH, CEC, humic acids content, TC, TN, TP) and microbial activity analysis. The obtained results were also subjected to statistical analysis, based on the Pearson's correlation coefficient calculations.

Results collected during described above procedure show that: the PAHs content was highly positively correlated with C and N contents (p < 0.001) and moderately correlated with humic acids and P contents (p < 0.01). This phenomenon confirms the thesis that the increase of soil organic matter content promotes accumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds such as PAHs. Microbiological analysis shows that bacteria from the mesophilic group are most resistant to PAHs contamination. This information indicates that the organisms belonging to this group should be considered as potentially useful in the soil bioremediation processes.     

高温后上海软黏土的物理性能试验研究

土的温度效应是岩土工程领域的热点问题,但对于100℃以上高温环境下土的物理性能的研究并不多。详细介绍了自行研制的高温加热试验装置,并利用该设备测定了上海软黏土样在105℃,120℃,150℃和200℃等高温加热2.5h和4.0 h后的体积变化、干密度和饱和度的变化,测定了105℃,150℃和200℃下恒温4.0 h土的导热情况。试验结果表明土样的体积和饱和度均随温度增加而减小,土样的干密度随温度的增加而增加,且随加热时间增加变化趋缓;湿土和干土的导热系数均随温度升高而增大,且干土的导热系数小于湿土的导热系数。说明软黏性土在100℃以上高温环境作用下会出现塑性变形和加热硬化现象,高温对土的导热系数影响显著。     

物理模型试验在港珠澳大桥隧道人工岛设计中的应用

随着全球变暖趋势的日益明显,近年来全球范围内的灾害性极端气象事件频频发生。从假定在瞬时暴雨、强台风带来的高越浪量等更极端天气情况下,通过对人工岛断面物理模型试验和整体物理模型试验,验证施工图设计断面的稳定性和防浪排洪的有效性,为设计可能需要采取的有针对性措施提供科学依据,以确保隧道及人工岛总体设计安全与稳定。     

Identifying correlates of breaks in occupational sitting: a cross-sectional study

Office workers are commonly targeted in interventions to modify their sitting behaviour, yet there is limited evidence of the correlates of breaks in sitting to inform intervention development. This study identifies the individual, workplace and spatial configuration correlates of the frequency of breaks in sitting (number/hour) in office workers (n?=?5531) stratified by office type (private-enclosed, shared, open plan). All behaviours and potential correlates were measured via self-report using an online cross-sectional survey. Regression analyses revealed age was the only socio-demographic characteristic associated with frequency of breaks in sitting in all office types. Greater job autonomy and local connectivity were positively associated with frequency of breaks in sitting in shared and open-plan offices. In open-plan offices co-worker proximity was negatively associated with frequency of breaks in sitting. Co-worker visibility was positively associated with frequency of breaks in sitting in all office types. This study demonstrates that individual, workplace and spatial configuration factors are all associated with the frequency of breaks in sitting and that these relationships differ by office type. These observations extend prior studies that have only examined correlates at a single level (e.g. the individual). This evidence could be useful to guide future interventions in the design of workplaces to increase breaks in sitting and workers’ physical activity.     

从建筑物理环境模拟研究辨风水理论“宅外形”命题之真伪

在传统风水理论中,宅居建筑之营造,包括"宅外形"即宅居选址及宅居轮廓都与人吉凶祸福的关系极为切要。通过对"宅外形"理论的挖掘梳理,阐释其中的实质内涵,并对其中的宅居轮廓命题进行太阳幅射值、冬季风及夏季风环境的模拟分析,试图寻求不同宅居轮廓内物理环境优劣与吉凶说之间的联系,从而验证该命题之真伪。