Improved Treatment Outcome Associated With the Shift to Empirically Supported Treatments in a Graduate Training Clinic.

There has been an increase in recent years in the use of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for a variety of mental disorders. This study was an investigation of the impact of standardized use of ESTs in an outpatient community clinic. Clients treated prior to and those treated after the implementation of this policy were compared. The results indicate significant group differences, with the improvement ratings of the group receiving ESTs surpassing those of the group receiving unsupported treatment. Support for the use of ESTs indicates that patients may be best served if therapists rely primarily on these treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adapted motivational interviewing for women with binge eating disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

In this randomized controlled trial, 108 women with binge-eating disorder (BED) recruited from the community were assigned to either an adapted motivational interviewing (AMI) group (1 individual AMI session + self-help handbook) or control group (handbook only). They were phoned 4, 8, and 16 weeks following the initial session to assess binge eating and associated symptoms (depression, self-esteem, quality of life). Postintervention, the AMI group participants were more confident than those in the control group in their ability to change binge eating. Although both groups reported improved binge eating, mood, self-esteem, and general quality of life 16 weeks following the intervention, the AMI group improved to a greater extent. A greater proportion of women in the AMI group abstained from binge eating (27.8% vs. 11.1%) and no longer met the binge frequency criterion of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) for BED (87.0% vs. 57.4%). AMI may constitute a brief, effective intervention for BED and associated symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder, second edition.

Reviews the book, Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder, second edition by Mick Power and Tim Dalgleish (see record 2007-10431-000). In this book, the authors provide a detailed analysis of emotion with an explicit focus on differences and similarities between "disordered" emotion and normative emotional experience. What sets this text apart from other books on cognition and emotion is its attempt to describe the philosophical and historical underpinnings of work on emotion. Another unique feature of this text is that the authors go beyond just describing the various theories of emotion by comparing and contrasting the arguments advanced by the theories and highlighting the strengths and limitations of each theory. This book is divided into two parts: Part 1 is a review of the major theories of emotion, and Part 2 consists of reviews of research on five basic emotions, as well as illustrations of how the SPAARS framework can be used to explain normative and nonnormative variants of these emotions. Power and Dalgleish suggest that readers can choose either to read the book in its entirety or to focus on the sections that are of interest. Overall, this second edition of Cognition and Emotion is a readable and engaging book. This book is not a primer; as noted earlier, some parts of it are conceptually heavy. For this reason, the most appropriate audience for this book is advanced graduate students who already have some background in research on basic emotion or psychopathology and who are looking to enhance their knowledge base. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Is running away right? The behavioral activation-behavioral inhibition model of anterior asymmetry.

The measurement of anterior electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetries has become an important standard paradigm for the investigation of affective states and traits. Findings in this area are typically interpreted within the motivational direction model, which suggests a lateralization of approach and withdrawal motivational systems to the left and right anterior region, respectively. However, efforts to compare this widely adopted model with an alternative account-which relates the left anterior region to behavioral activation independent of the direction of behavior (approach or withdrawal) and the right anterior region to goal conflict-induced behavioral inhibition-are rare and inconclusive. Therefore, the authors measured the EEG in a sample of 93 young men during emotional imagery designed to provide a critical test between the 2 models. The results (e.g., a correlation between left anterior activation and withdrawal motivation) favor the alternative model on the basis of the concepts of behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition. In addition, the present study also supports an association of right parietal activation with physiological arousal and the conceptualization of parietal EEG asymmetry as a mediator of emotion-related physiological arousal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Further validation of the IDAS: Evidence of convergent, discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity.

The authors explicated the validity of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS; D. Watson et al., 2007) in 2 samples (306 college students and 605 psychiatric patients). The IDAS scales showed strong convergent validity in relation to parallel interview-based scores on the Clinician Rating version of the IDAS; the mean convergent correlations were .51 and .62 in the student and patient samples, respectively. With the exception of the Well-Being Scale, the scales also consistently demonstrated significant discriminant validity. Furthermore, the scales displayed substantial criterion validity in relation to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses in the patient sample. The authors identified particularly clear and strong associations between (a) major depression and the IDAS General Depression, Dysphoria and Well-Being scales, (b) panic disorder and IDAS Panic, (c) posttraumatic stress disorder and IDAS Traumatic Intrusions, and (d) social phobia and IDAS Social Anxiety. Finally, in logistic regression analyses, the IDAS scales showed significant incremental validity in predicting several DSM-IV diagnoses when compared against the Beck Depression Inventory-II (A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (A. T. Beck & R. A. Steer, 1990). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Training psychologists to assess, manage, and treat posttraumatic stress disorder: An examination of the National Center for PTSD Behavioral Science Division training program.

Most traumatized people do not get the care they need, making the demand for well-trained clinicians, researchers, and supervisors in the trauma field particularly acute. We describe the psychology training program at the Behavioral Science Division of the National Center for PTSD, provide a rationale for the training procedures we employ, and summarize the challenges we face. We suggest that the trauma field needs to establish training guidelines and criterion-based outcomes, and to conduct systematic evaluation of training program efficacy. As a first step toward these goals, we present information about our program and our unique clinical and professional context to assist those who intend to develop training programs and to allow existing training programs to compare and contrast practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

黄腐酸制剂对苹果早期落叶病和产量的影响

以黄腐酸制剂为载体,研制出一种防治苹果早期落叶病与生理性病害的绿色环保型肥料。渭北高原大田试验结果证明,该肥料有明显的防治病害、增产增收的效果。     

Benzimidazolium salts as small, nonpeptidic and BBB-permeable human prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors

Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a cytosolic serine peptidase that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. This peptidase has gained importance as a target for the treatment of cognitive disturbances of patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. Our research addresses the identification of POP inhibitors from a small focused library of polar heterocyclic compounds arising from multicomponent reactions. Two selective POP-specific inhibitors were identified on the basis of their inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The most active compounds were evaluated for their in vitro transport through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Our results show for the first time that benzimidazolium salts are new POP-inhibitory scaffolds with properties of solubility, specificity, and lipophilicity that may allow them to cross the BBB by passive diffusion. These findings constitute an excellent starting point to synthesize new POP inhibitors with enhanced properties.     

基于人性化设计理念的室内软环境研究

针对现代室内环境设计面临的问题,探讨了室内软环境的界定,并对人性化的理念进行深入地理解和剖析,旨在满足不同层面的人和使用者的多种要求,在物化的环境中实现着人们的生理和心理需要。     

新街坊健康住宅的硬件环境

以胶州市新街坊住宅小区为俐，从生理需求和心理需求两个方面，探讨了住宅小区在硬件环境上满足健康住宅的要求，指出住区中的物业管理及服务和文化环境将日趋完善。