大豆豆渣的生理功能及其在食品中的应用

豆渣是一种营养丰富的大豆制品副产物,含有膳食纤维、蛋白质、黄酮等物质。本文综述豆渣的生理功能及其在食品生产中的应用。     

无线体征监测系统的低功耗调度方法

基于超宽带(UWB)体域网和异构的生理传感器,设计了可对多种生理信息进行实时采集与处理的无线体征监测系统,并针对此类系统提出了基于体征状态机的低功耗调度方法,以便长期监测人体的健康与安全。在该调度方法中,协调器根据系统的体征状态机自适应地确定下一监测周期的传感器集合,并控制相应的生理传感器进行协同工作。仿真结果表明在同样的监测情况下,建议的调度方法有效减少了多生理传感器的不必要运行和无线传输的数据量,从而延长了整个监测系统的工作寿命。     

Decreased Interactions between Calmodulin and a Mutant Huntingtin Model Might Reduce the Cytotoxic Level of Intracellular Ca2+: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Mutant huntingtin (m-HTT) proteins and calmodulin (CaM) co-localize in the cerebral cortex with significant effects on the intracellular calcium levels by altering the specific calcium-mediated signals. Furthermore, the mutant huntingtin proteins show great affinity for CaM that can lead to a further stabilization of the mutant huntingtin aggregates. In this context, the present study focuses on describing the interactions between CaM and two huntingtin mutants from a biophysical point of view, by using classical Molecular Dynamics techniques. The huntingtin models consist of a wild-type structure, one mutant with 45 glutamine residues and the second mutant with nine additional key-point mutations from glutamine residues into proline residues (9P(EM) model). Our docking scores and binding free energy calculations show higher binding affinities of all HTT models for the C-lobe end of the CaM protein. In terms of dynamic evolution, the 9P(EM) model triggered great structural changes into the CaM protein’s structure and shows the highest fluctuation rates due to its structural transitions at the helical level from α-helices to turns and random coils. Moreover, our proposed 9P(EM) model suggests much lower interaction energies when compared to the 45Qs-HTT mutant model, this finding being in good agreement with the 9P(EM)’s antagonistic effect hypothesis on highly toxic protein–protein interactions.     

Efficient Neuroprotective Rescue of Sacsin-Related Disease Phenotypes in Zebrafish

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a multisystem hereditary ataxia associated with mutations in SACS, which encodes sacsin, a protein of still only partially understood function. Although mouse models of ARSACS mimic largely the disease progression seen in humans, their use in the validation of effective therapies has not yet been proposed. Recently, the teleost Danio rerio has attracted increasing attention as a vertebrate model that allows rapid and economical screening, of candidate molecules, and thus combines the advantages of whole-organism phenotypic assays and in vitro high-throughput screening assays. Through CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis, we generated and characterized a zebrafish sacs-null mutant line that replicates the main features of ARSACS. The sacs-null fish showed motor impairment, hindbrain atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. As proof of principle for using these mutant fish in high-throughput screening studies, we showed that both acetyl-DL-leucine and tauroursodeoxycholic acid improved locomotor and biochemical phenotypes in sacs^−/− larvae treated with these neuroprotective agents, by mediating significant rescue of the molecular functions altered by sacsin loss. Taken together, the evidence here reported shows the zebrafish to be a valuable model organism for the identification of novel molecular mechanisms and for efficient and rapid in vivo optimization and screening of potential therapeutic compounds. These findings may pave the way for new interventions targeting the earliest phases of Purkinje cell degeneration in ARSACS.     

橡胶苗叶片介电参数的研究

为了能通过介电参数的检测,快速鉴别植物的生长状况。通过试验研究了橡胶苗离体叶片的生理电容和生理电阻与测量频率、测量电压的关系。试验结果表明,400Hz为较适宜的测量频率,而测量电压间无显著差异。且随着叶片离开植株时间的增加,叶片的电容值减少,电阻值增加。     

一株番茄灰霉病菌拮抗菌的系统鉴定

Y-21是从山东省淄博市蔬菜温室中分离到的一株细菌,通过室内平板对峙试验,对番茄灰霉病菌具有较强的拮抗性。本研究通过形态观察、生理生化反应和分子生物学方法对这株细菌进行系统鉴定。显微镜观察菌株形态为杆状;有芽孢;革兰氏染色呈阳性。采用经典的基因组提取方法提取基因组DNA,以其为模板,利用引物63F、1494R扩增16S rRNA基因,回收16SrRNA基因的PCR产物并与T载体连接,通过热激法将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌感受态细胞,利用蓝白斑筛选,挑出白斑,提取质粒,通过蓝白斑质粒的电泳图比对和质粒的PCR检测确定阳性克隆,将阳性克隆菌株送样测序。将测序结果输入BLAST进行比对,发现Y-21属于假单胞菌属,然后对其构建系统发育树。     

麦绿素的生理功能及开发研究进展

主要介绍麦绿素的生理功能的研究进展、保健食品开发现状及其发展前景等。     

葡萄酒中花色苷的研究进展

花色苷是葡萄酒的主要呈色物质,同时也具有一定的生理活性功能。文章总结并简述葡萄酒中花色苷的结构、含量变化、性质及稳定性因素、成色作用的途径、生理活性功能、纯化鉴定方法,以期为葡萄酒中花色苷的研究提供参考。     

贮藏温度对鲜切菠萝生化品质的影响

为了保持和改善鲜切菠萝的贮藏品质,研究不同贮藏温度(0、4、6、8和12℃)对鲜切菠萝的品质及理化特性的影响.结果表明:0～4℃贮藏能够显著抑制鲜切菠萝的硬度下降现象以及含糖量(TSS)、含酸量(TA)和VC含量的降解损失,维持鲜切果实较低的多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延缓果实细胞膜透性的上升和丙二醛(MDA)含量的积累,使鲜切果实的感官和综合品质好,贮藏寿命长于6、8和12℃的果实.在0、4、6、8和12℃条件下,温度越高,鲜切菠萝的品质劣变越快.建议04℃为九成熟菠萝鲜切产品保鲜的适宜温度.     

膳食多酚生理功能的营养基因组学研究现状与展望

膳食多酚大量并广泛地存在于水果、蔬菜及各种植物性加工食品中,起到预防疾病和维持人体健康的作用,但其作用机理尚不完全了解.本文概述了国内外关于膳食多酚功能研究的现状,提出从营养基因组学和蛋白组学的高度去研究膳食多酚对正常细胞的保护作用,对癌细胞的抑制作用以及对肠道微生物的作用,为膳食多酚在食品及功能食品领域的进一步应用提供理论基础.开创性地建立基于基因组学的食品营养功能评价体系以及食品科学、基因组学、细胞信号通道等学科交叉的边缘学科.