Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Physiological Drop of Citrus Fruits

Abstract: The phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity (AA) of physiological drop of the main citrus species grown in China were investigated. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin was found mostly in mandarin and sweet orange, naringin was found mostly in sour orange, pummelo, grapefruit and a hybrid (Gaocheng), narirutin was found in most varieties, neohesperidin was found in Gaocheng and Huyou, and nobiletin and tangeretin were found in most varieties. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the main phenolic acids present, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant in most cases. There was a greater amount of free (extractable) than bound (insoluble) phenolic acids. Levels of limonoids were higher in Foyou, Eureka lemon, and Gaocheng than those in the other cultivars. The highest level of synephrine was found in Ponkan and Weizhang Satsuma. AA was highest in Ponkan and Weizhang Satsuma and lowest in Huyou, pummel, and lemon. These results suggest that physiological drop of citrus fruits have good potential as sources of different bioactive compounds and antioxidants. Practical Application: Physiological drop of citrus fruits may be a good resource of bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, limonoids, synephrine, and a good material of nutraceuticals.     

S-腺苷蛋氨酸对微生物次生代谢产物的调控作用与机制研究进展

S-腺苷蛋氨酸是生物体内一种非常重要的生理活性物质,除主要作为甲基供体和参与众多转硫基、转氨基和转核糖基等重要的生化反应,还能作为信号分子调控微生物的代谢。当细胞内S-腺苷蛋氨酸浓度发生微小变化时,就可以对微生物细胞代谢产物的合成以及细胞分化产生较大的影响。文中就S-腺苷蛋氨酸在生物体内的循环途径、相关基因以及近年来S-腺苷蛋氨酸对微生物次级代谢的调控作用和调控机制进行了综述。     

西湖湖滨景区古香樟保护效果分析

香樟是杭州市市树,古香樟在杭州市的古树名木中占有较大比重。通过去除树冠下硬铺装、根际土壤消毒、施缓释肥、夏季喷叶喷干、树体修补等保护措施,对西湖湖滨景区复壮前后古香樟叶片叶绿素、SOD、POD活性和MDA含量进行测定。结果表明:经过复壮与抢救,古香樟生长状况有所好转,叶绿素含量、SOD、POD活性都有所增加,而导致植物衰老的MDA含量有所下降,说明复壮与抢救效果较明显,实际观察也表明经过复壮与抢救后,香樟整体生长势都有所好转,叶色也明显变绿。     

植物精油生理功能的研究进展

植物精油资源丰富,化学成分复杂。应用广泛,具有许多生理功能作用。综述了植物精油在植物中的分布情况,化学成分及其生理功能,如:去痛、降压、消炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等,对以后的研究有重要的理论参考价值。     

高温大曲中微生物的分离与鉴定

采用传统分离培养方法和现代分子生物学方法,对酱香型白酒高温大曲中微生物的多样性进行研究分析。从酱香型白酒高温大曲中分离出147株微生物,其中97株为细菌,包括芽孢杆菌、放线菌、葡萄球菌、微球菌4类;50株霉菌,包括青霉、曲霉、毛霉、交链孢霉、茎点霉菌、球毛壳、散囊菌、红曲霉8类,研究结果表明,高温大曲中的微生物具有高度的多样性。     

枸杞中类胡萝卜素的研究进展

枸杞中富含丰富的类胡萝卜素,是类胡萝卜素含量最高的植物之一。因此,对枸杞子中类胡萝卜素的研究具有重要意义。综述枸杞中类胡萝卜素的化学成分,结构式、生理功能、提取方法及临床应用。     

腐败锅盔中细菌的分离鉴定与抑制

该研究以腐败锅盔为原材料,利用微生物学纯种分离和生理生化鉴定方法,对腐败锅盔中主要微生物进行菌落形态的观察,革兰氏染色以及生理生化反应等研究.结果表明,其腐败微生物是细菌,主要为一株为白色短小杆菌(C.albidun),另2株为球杆菌属(Sphaerobacter demharter et al).同时采用山梨酸钾来进行抑菌研究,得出浓度为0.25g/kg的山梨酸钾能抑制锅盔分离的所有腐败细菌的生长.     

Mechanisms of Action and Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid,Corticosteroids and Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis—A Systematic Review

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a low-inflammatory disorder with multifactorial etiology. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action and the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA), corticosteroids (CS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of TMJ OA.: The PubMed database was analyzed with the keywords: “(temporomandibular joint) AND ((osteoarthritis) OR (dysfunction) OR (disorders) OR (pain)) AND ((treatment) OR (arthrocentesis) OR (arthroscopy) OR (injection)) AND ((hyaluronic acid) OR (corticosteroid) OR (platelet rich plasma))”. After screening of 363 results, 16 studies were included in this review. Arthrocentesis alone effectively reduces pain and improves jaw function in patients diagnosed with TMJ OA. Additional injections of HA, either low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA or high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA, or CS at the end of the arthrocentesis do not improve the final clinical outcomes. CS present several negative effects on the articular cartilage. Results related to additional PRP injections are not consistent and are rather questionable. Further studies should be multicenter, based on a larger group of patients and should answer the question of whether other methods of TMJ OA treatment are more beneficial for the patients than simple arthrocentesis.     

枫香叶精油对枇杷低温贮藏的防腐保鲜效果

为延长枇杷采后贮藏时间和维持果实品质,开发安全环保的生物源保鲜剂,用不同体积分数（1、 6 μL/100 mL和10 μL/100 mL）枫香叶精油对枇杷果实进行浸泡处理后,在5 ℃条件下贮藏30 d,每5 d测定腐烂指 数、质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物、木质素、丙二醛、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）等果实 的品质和生理指标。结果表明,枫香叶精油可以显著延缓果实硬度上升和木质素的积累,减少果实腐烂、质量损失 和丙二醛含量,减缓可溶性固形物的降低,抑制POD和PAL的活性,在果品保鲜的应用领域有较好的前景,其中以 6 μL/100 mL精油处理的效果更好。     

Degradation behaviors of surface modified magnesium alloy wires in different simulated physiological environments

The degradation behaviors of the novel high-strength AZ31B magnesium alloy wires after surface modification using micro-arc-oxidization （MAO） and subse- quently sealing with poly-L-lactic acid （PLLA） in different simulated physiological environments were investigated. The results show the surface MAO micropores could be physically sealed by PLLA, thus forming an effective protection to corrosion resistance for the wires. In simulated gastric fluid （SGF） at a low pH value （1.5 or 2.5）, the treated wires have a high degradation rate with a rapid decrease of mass, diameter, mechanical properties and a significant increase of pH value of the immersion fluid. However, surface modification could effectively reduce the degradation rate of the treated wires in SGF with a pH value above 4.0. For the treated wires in simulated intestinal fluid at pH =8.5, their strength retention ability is higher than that in strong acidic SGF. And the loss rate of mass is faster than that of diameter, while the pH value of the immersion fluid decreases. It should be noted that the modified wires in simulated body environment have the best strength retention ability. The wires show the different degradation behaviors indicating their different degradation mechanisms, which are also proposed in this work.