四川家庭泡菜风味影响因素的实验论证

泡菜口味咸甜、微酸、爽口开胃,是四川居民喜欢食用的家常小菜和川菜不可或缺的调味原料,本文主要探索泡菜在泡制过程中的一些变化和最佳口感风味形成的因素,并对四川家庭风味泡菜的制作工艺流程进行了初步探索,以促进泡菜产业的发展。     

基于细节保留的椒盐噪声自适应滤波算法

针对灰度图像中椒盐噪声的特点,提出了一种更加精确的噪声检测方法:该方法利用滤波窗口内像素点灰度值的不同,将受椒盐噪声污染的图像中像素点划分为噪声点,疑似噪声点和信号点.通过设定阈值,并参考相邻像素点的相关性来进一步区分疑似噪声点,最终建立噪声标记矩阵.对于被标记的噪声点,采用自适应滤波算法,保留更多的图像细节.仿真结果表明,该算法在除去噪声点的同时,对于边缘细节也有非常好的保护作用.     

图像椒盐噪声的分阶段中值滤波算法

针对自适应中值滤波算法的缺陷---对高密度椒盐噪声图像滤波后留下黑色斑块,提出了一种分阶段中值滤波算法。该算法对图像执行两次小窗口的滤波操作,相较于采用较大窗口的滤波,其在有效去除噪声的同时降低了结果图像的模糊程度。先对所有噪声点进行一次中值滤波消除了盐粒噪声,再用窗口内非噪声点的灰度中值代替胡椒噪声点的灰度值以去除黑色斑块。最后的仿真实验结果表明,本文算法既有像自适应中值算法一样滤除低密度椒盐噪声的良好性能,又有对高密度椒盐噪声图像的降噪能力。     

Quality assessment of dehydrated red bell pepper using tempering drying cycles

Quality assessment of red bell pepper dices preserved through batch dehydration introducing tempering cycles were performed in this work. The parameters considered were: the percentages of ascorbic acid and final antioxidant activity retention, as well as the influence of calcium chloride on diffusivity and colour values. Although, a similar final moisture content was reached through different red bell pepper dehydration processes, but the one with tempering cycles had better qualities than those without tempering. Ascorbic acid and final antioxidant activity retention showed higher values and so were colour intensities compared to control samples in all cases. In respect to the effective diffusivity coefficients, there was an increment as the calcium chloride concentration increased. As of the treatments with tempering cycles, the best scheme was 15 min drying time and 30 min tempering time at 60 °C.     

Antioxidant activity of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) fruit

Antioxidants were extracted from Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) fruit and characterized. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract from Japanese pepper fruit was found to be equal to that of α-tocopherol and stable under heat treatment. The main compounds that gave a significant antioxidant activity from the methanol extract were identified to be hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) and quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) as determined by HPLC, mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and TLC. Radical-scavenging activities of hyperoside and quercitrin from Japanese pepper fruit were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. As a result, hyperoside and quercitrin scavenged DPPH radical strongly with IC₅₀ values of 16 and 18 μM, respectively. These observations show the presence of strong antioxidants, namely hyperoside and quercitrin in Japanese pepper fruit.     

Studies on the physicochemical characteristics of volatile oil from pepper (Piper nigrum) extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide

Pepper (Piper nigrum L) volatile oil was extracted with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide at pressures of 8 and 10 MPa and at two different temperatures, 40°C and 60°C. The mass transfer rates are presented at different supercritical conditions of extraction, together with the fractionation effect that was observed. The volatile oil obtained was analysed for its physical constants: specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation. The samples were fractionated by column chromatography, and both the samples and fractions were subjected to TLC, gas chromatography and sensory analysis. It was observed that pepper oil obtained with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide at 10 MPa and 60°C was superior to steam-distilled oil.     

花椒麻辣凉拌调味汁的生产工艺

花椒是一种独特的香料，在麻辣凉拌调味汁中发挥了不可缺少的作用，本文主要就花椒麻辣凉拌调味汁的生产工艺、产品质量指标等方面进行了研究。     

几种特色酱腌菜的腌制技术

为增加特色酱腌菜的品种,介绍了辣油荠菜蕻、糖菜菔、糟大蒜、梅子蒜瓣和南京腌菜的腌制方法.辣油荠菜蕻是将荠菜蕻整理削皮,经沸水烫漂、晒制、腌制和拌料后而成,产品色泽红黄、鲜香微辣、脆嫩爽口.糖菜菔是将白萝卜洗净切制后,经浙米水浸泡、烫漂和糖渍等工序制成,产品色泽金黄、形似桔片、卜香浓郁,鲜甜脆嫩.糟大蒜是将鲜大蒜整理洗涤后,经矾水烫漂、清洗和腌渍等工序制成,产品呈乳白色,体态透亮,质地脆嫩,醇香、蒜香融为一体.梅子蒜瓣是将梅子和蒜瓣洗净后,经入缸浸渍和入瓮浸渍等工序制成,产品有脆爽和生津止渴的特色.南京腌菜是将大白菜晒制后整理清洗,再擦盐入缸腌渍,经装坛封盐后而成,产品色白、脆嫩、爽口.     

青椒果实冷害及诱导抗冷性与氧化胁迫关系的研究

青椒在9℃下冷藏8w，没有出现冷害，膜透性变化不大。而在2℃下贮藏1w后即出现冷害症状，超过4w发生严重冷害，膜透性迅速上升。与9℃贮藏青椒相比，2℃贮藏青椒的SOD活性降低，而CAT活性降低更多；POD活性也低于9℃贮藏青椒，但7w时骤升至峰值。贮前50℃10min或53℃5min热水浸泡处理极显著降低了2℃贮藏青椒的冷害，显著抑制了膜透性的上升。与对照相比，50℃热处理对青椒SOD活性影响不明显而53℃热处理显著提高了3、4和5w时SOD活性。两热处理均极显著提高了青椒CAT活性，对CAT活性的提高超过SOD。两热处理青椒贮藏过程中POD活性呈缓慢下降趋势，避免了对照组青椒POD活性6w时的显著降低和7w时的骤然上升。可见青椒的冷害与低温下活性氧清除酶，特别是CAT活性的降低，导致活性氧化代谢失调有关。而贮前热处理通过提高活性氧清除酶特别是CAT活性，维持活性氧代谢的平衡，抑制膜质过氧化，从而减轻了青椒的冷害。