国内外猪胴体分级标准体系的现状与发展趋势

文中从探索建立适合我国国情的猪胴体分级体系,实现优质优价,促进我国商品猪品质提高的角度出发,较系统的概括了各国猪胴体分级标准的发展历史、现状及未来的发展方向。并且,根据我国的胴体分级现状提出了一些具体设想。     

华北野猪与家猪杂交后的品质评定

应用感官评定、仪器测定和模糊数学评定的方法,研究杂种野猪的肌肉品质特性,通过与当地白猪比较分析,较全面地评定杂种野猪肉的感官品质、营养品质和加工品质。结果显示,成熟后的杂种野猪肉色泽为3.6,接近于色泽的标准值3.5;其肉质的大理石花纹不丰富;将嫩度、风味和多汁性分别赋予0.4、0.4、0.2的加权值,应用模糊数学的方法对其肉质做出了客观评价,评定结果为良好,杂种野猪肉优于当地白猪肉;杂种野猪肉蛋白质含量较高;脂肪含量较低;成熟后的pH值较高;蒸煮损失率和滴水损失率均较低。     

排骨粉调味料的研究

排骨粉调味料是继鸡精调味料之后的一种新型复合风味调味料,其香气浓郁、味道浑厚、入汤口感鲜明独特,在餐饮及快餐行业中调味汤底、腌渍入味、烹饪烧烤,使菜肴更鲜香,更诱人,更美味.研究采用猪骨素、猪油、排骨增香粉、香辛料为主体风味原料,添加谷氨酸钠、食用盐、I+G、白砂糖、淀粉、麦芽糊精等辅料,通过单因素实验和正交实验对排骨粉调味料配方进行优化,研制出特征香气与滋味突出,外观光泽度、细腻度较理想的调味产品.     

Pig sire type and sex effects on carcass traits,meat quality and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Serrano dry‐cured ham

This study demonstrates that improvements in animal line selection by breeding enterprises exert a strong effect on carcass traits, meat quality and sensory characteristics of Serrano dry‐cured ham. A total of 461 pigs from the offspring of a Duroc (DU) × Landrace (LD) sow mated with two DU boars and a DU × Large White (LW) boar from three breeding enterprises were evaluated. The two DU terminal sires were significantly different (P < 0.05) in carcass conformation, backfat thickness, ham and loin yields, raw ham traits, myoglobin concentration and total pigments formed during the curing process; in addition, the two lines provided different percentages of hams (54 vs 91%) with sufficient subcutaneous fat and weight to manufacture dry‐cured Serrano hams using a slow ripening process (11 months). The DU × LW sire had the best carcass and ham traits from an economic standpoint and obtained highest scores for sensory characteristics of Serrano ham evaluated by a trained panel test; furthermore, this line provided 84% of total hams suitable for manufacturing Serrano hams by a slow process. When the sex effect was analysed, carcass and ham traits of females were more favourable, but females presented a higher incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat and a lower percentage of hams with sufficient subcutaneous fat and weight to produce Serrano hams using a slow ripening process (61% for females and 91% for castrates). On the other hand, castrates provided Serrano hams cured by a slow procedure with better organoleptic characteristics than females. Right and left hams were similar. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

茶多酚对生长育肥猪生长性能和肉质的影响研究

添加0.1%茶多酚复合添加剂能显著提高生长育肥猪的平均日增重、猪肉pH值;添加0.3%时能极显著提高平均日增重、pH值,极显著降低失水率;当添加水平继续增大时作用不大.荼多酚的添加对背膘厚度、瘦肉率和肉色影响不显著,但对猪肉VE和肌苷酸(IMP)的含量极显著增加.茶多酚复合添加剂的适宜水平为0.3%.     

管道无损检测与评价技术

为适应国内石油化工企业大量管道检测维护的急需，介绍了国际上有关管道在线无损检测、运行监视及泄漏检测的新技术、新设备和其应用情况与发展动态     

Long-Term Changes in Ovarian Follicles of Gilts Exposed Neonatally to Methoxychlor: Effects on Oocyte-Derived Factors,Anti-Müllerian Hormone,Follicle-Stimulating Hormone,and Cognate Receptors

In this paper, we investigated the effects of neonatal exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), a synthetic organochlorine used as an insecticide with estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activities on ovarian follicles of adult pigs. Piglets were injected with MXC (20 μg/kg body weight) or corn oil (controls) from postnatal Day 1 to Day 10 (n = 5 per group). Then, mRNA expression, protein abundance and immunolocalization of growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and cognate receptors (ACVR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, TGFBR1, BMPR2, and AMHR2), as well as FSH receptor (FSHR) were examined in preantral and small antral ovarian follicles of sexually mature gilts. The plasma AMH and FSH levels were also assessed. In preantral follicles, neonatal exposure to MXC increased GDF9, BMPR1B, TGFBR1, and BMPR2 mRNAs, while the levels of AMH and BMP15 mRNAs decreased. In addition, MXC also decreased BMP15 and BMPR1B protein abundance. Regarding small antral follicles, neonatal exposure to MXC upregulated mRNAs for BMPR1B, BMPR2, and AMHR2 and downregulated mRNAs for AMH, BMPR1A, and FSHR. MXC decreased the protein abundance of AMH, and all examined receptors in small antral follicles. GDF9 and BMP15 were immunolocalized in oocytes and granulosa cells of preantral follicles of control and treated ovaries. All analyzed receptors were detected in the oocytes and granulosa cells of preantral follicles, and in the granulosa and theca cells of small antral follicles. The exception, however, was FSHR, which was detected only in the granulosa cells of small antral follicles. In addition, MXC decreased the plasma AMH and FSH concentrations. In conclusion, the present study may indicate long-term effects of neonatal MXC exposure on GDF9, BMP15, AMH, and FSH signaling in ovaries of adult pigs. However, the MXC effects varied at different stages of follicular development. It seems that neonatal MXC exposure may result in accelerated initial recruitment of ovarian follicles and impaired cyclic recruitment of antral follicles.     

Effect of the initial dose of foot-and-mouth disease virus on the early viral dynamics within pigs

This paper investigates the early viral dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) within infected pigs. Using an existing within-host model, we investigate whether individual variation can be explained by the effect of the initial dose of FMD virus. To do this, we consider the experimental data on the concentration of FMD virus genomes in the blood (viral load). In this experiment, 12 pigs were inoculated with one of three different doses of FMD virus: low; medium; or high. Measurements of the viral load were recorded over a time course of approximately 11 days for every 8 hours. The model is a set of deterministic differential equations with the following variables: viral load; virus in the interstitial space; and the proportion of epithelial cells available for infection, infected and uninfected. The model was fitted to the data for each animal individually and also simultaneously over all animals varying only the initial dose. We show that the general trend in the data can be explained by varying only the initial dose. The higher the initial dose the earlier the development of a detectable viral load.     

猪皮纳帕服装革生产技术初探

针对猪皮纳帕服装革在国内外市场特别畅销受欢迎的发展趋势，旨在利用四川改良猪皮，采用国内化工材料，探讨生产具有天然粒纹，粒面细纹，清晰，光滑，车身丰满柔软而富有弹性。革身紧实而有适度的延伸性的高档猪皮纳帕服装革的工艺技术问题。根据多年的生产实践经验，将目前生产猪皮纳帕服装革的有关工艺技术问题进行初步探讨，需要在工艺技术上着重研究讨论的要点可以概括为：多步脱脂；多次膨胀且加强臀部处理，在复探中加入少量的助剂；脱灰完全；采用复合酶制剂（胰酶和蛋白酶），软化；无机酸，有机酸相结合的大浸酸且过夜平衡州值；助禁，准制中期加６５”助剂后再碱化，注重复效，中和，加脂；轻涂饰，突出真皮感。     

肥育猪炎热季节的饲粮营养水平研究

选择体重６５千克左右的杜洛克×大约克×长白杂种肥育猪１８０头，随机分配到三个饲粮营养水平，在炎热环境（白天平均温度２７．８２℃）饲养。结果表明，在炎热环境条件下，采用含３．２兆卡消化能／千克、１６％粗蛋白、０．７９％赖氨酸的饲粮饲养，可取得较好的生产性能和经济效益。