响应面法优化猪脾免疫活性多肽提取工艺研究

目的通过响应面法,优化猪脾中免疫活性多肽的提取工艺。方法选择适当的酶水解猪脾脏,并在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box—Behnken设计优化提取工艺,建立各因素与提取液中多肽含量的数学模型,最后采用淋巴细胞转化试验初步验证其活性。结果获得了猪脾中免疫活性多肽提取工艺：料液比1：2．6g／mL,温度40℃,pH7．0,胰蛋白酶浓度485U／g,中性蛋白酶浓度1711U／g,每100g含活性多肽2．930g,与理论计算值2．929g基本一致,活性约为对照组的1．5倍。结论确定了猪脾免疫活性多肽最佳提取工艺。     

添加猪皮提取物对猪肉糜香肠品质的影响

研究添加猪皮提取物对猪肉糜香肠品质的影响.采用单因素和正交试验,考察猪皮提取物添加量、猪肉糜香肠煮制温度和煮制时间对猪肉糜香肠的质构、系水力和感官品质的影响,确定猪皮提取物在一定配方的猪肉糜香肠中的最佳添加量及煮制工艺条件.结果表明:猪皮提取物添加量为6％、75℃煮制40min时,猪肉糜香肠质构特性、保水能力和感官品质最佳.     

条码在生猪屠宰追溯系统建立上的应用

利用条码来建立生猪屠宰追溯系统,不仅可靠性高,而且还有成本低、信息全面等优点;通过和网络系统配合使用,还能保障消费者对所购商品的知情权。     

近年我国生猪市场波动影响因素与促进生猪生产稳定发展研究

近年来,生猪市场暴涨暴跌频繁,中国经济波动严重受到猪肉价格走势的影响,引起了社会各方面的广泛关注。缓解生猪生产周期性波动,维护生猪市场的平稳健康发展,对于保障我国食物供应具有重要的意义。本文主要分析了近几年中国生猪价格周期性波动的规律,剖析了其产生的主要原因,并提出稳定生猪市场的对策措施。     

屠宰应激对宰后猪肉保水性的影响

本文研究了电击晕和二氧化碳致晕对杜大长三元杂交猪和三门峡黑猪的应激效应及宰后肌肉保水性的影响。结果表明:与电击晕相比,二氧化碳致晕使得杜长大三元杂交猪和三门峡黑猪血液中的乳酸(LAC)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酐(CRE)、皮质醇(COR)含量显著降低(P0.05);且杜长大三元杂交猪和三门峡黑猪宰后p H45min值较高,差异显著(P0.05),宰后24 h汁液损失率(降低1.17%和0.59%)、蒸煮损失率(降低3.09%和3.56%)及解冻损失率(降低0.55%和0.29%)显著降低(P0.05);剪切力显著降低0.71 kg及0.66 kg(P0.05)。此外,杜长大三元杂交猪的抗应激能力较差,其宰后肌肉保水性显著低于三门峡黑猪(P0.05)。LF-NMR研究表明,二氧化碳致晕能够显著降低解冻后肌肉中的自由水含量(降低32.24%和28.92%),抑制了不易流动水向自由水的"态变"。因此,在实际生产中采用二氧化碳致晕能降低生猪屠宰应激,提高肌肉保水性。     

Production of short-chain fatty acids from resistant starch in a pig model

This study was performed to estimate the pool of SCFA produced in the digestive tract of growing pigs after the consumption of diets containing dif-ferent sources of resistant starch (RS) (15 g per meal) (potato starch (PoS), high amylose maize starch (HS) and retrograded extruded HS (RHS)). SCFA production in vitro was respectively 19, 23 and 21 mmol g⁻¹ of fermented PoS, HS and RHS. The highest butyric acid production was observed with PoS. Fifty six, 36 and 19% respectively of ingested PoS, HS and RHS escaped digestion in the small intestine, whereas residual starch was completely fermented in the large bowel. Luminal total SCFA in the caeco-colon 7 h after the experimental meal were respectively 33, 78 and 105 mmol for PoS, HS and RHS, with PoS providing the highest production of butyric acid. Theoretical in vivo SCFA production, calculated on the basis of results for in vitro fermentation and ileal digestibility, differed from in vivo results for PoS (+65%) and HS (-13%), but not for RHS. This study reveals different rates of disappearance of RS both in vitro and in vivo. © 1998 SCI.     

影响猪肉质的主效基因和候选基因

猪肉的品质问题已经引起了生产者和消费者的普遍关注,肉质性状直接影响到肉品的食用价值和经济价值。分子生物学技术的快速发展也促进了人们对于影响肉质相关基因的重视和研究。本文综述了与肉质相关的主效基因（Major Gene）烷氟基因（Hal gene）、单磷酸腺苷蛋白激酶（AMPK）γ3亚基基因（PRKAG3）和酸肉基因（Rendement Napole Gene,RN）以及脂肪酸结合蛋白基因（Fat Acid Binding Protein FABPs）、激素敏感脂肪酶（Hormone-Sensitive Lipase,HSL）基因和脂蛋白脂肪酶（Lipoprotein Lipase,LPL）基因等候选基因（candidate gene）的研究进展。      

基于TPA测试的蔬菜猪肉丸质地特性研究

蔬菜肉丸是一种营养丰富的特色肉糜食品,其研究主要集中在感官评价基础上的工艺优化。采用物性测定仪对蔬菜汁猪肉丸子进行硬度、耐咀性等分析,从而得出不同蔬菜汁、胶体的加入对猪肉丸质地的影响。结果显示,在相等的量的加入下,白菜汁质地好于芹菜汁好于番茄汁,胶体加入中卡拉胶好于明胶。     

Molecular characterization of tob1 in muscle development in pigs

Cell proliferation is an important biological process during myogenesis. Tob1 encoded a member of the Tob/BTG family of anti-proliferative proteins. Our previous LongSAGE (Long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) analysis suggested that Tob1 was differentially expressed during prenatal skeletal muscle development. In this study, we isolated and characterized the swine Tob1 gene. Subsequently, we examined Tob1 chromosome assignment, subcellular localization and dynamic expression profile in prenatal skeletal muscle (33, 65 and 90 days post-conception, dpc) from Landrace (lean-type) and Tongcheng pigs (obese-type). The Tob1 gene was mapped to pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The Tob1 protein was distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of PK15 cells. During prenatal skeletal muscle development, Tob1 was up-regulated and highly expressed in skeletal muscle at 90 dpc in Tongcheng pigs but peaked at 65 dpc in Landrace pigs. This result suggested that there were different proliferation patterns during myogenesis between Tongcheng and Landrace pigs. During postnatal skeletal muscle development, the expression of Tob1 increased with aging, indicating that the proliferation potential of myoblasts decreased in postnatal muscle development. In tissues of adult wuzhishan miniature pigs, the Tob1 gene was highly expressed in skeletal muscle. The expression of Tob1 was significantly increased at day 6 during C2C12 differentiation time, suggesting a possible role in skeletal muscle development. Therefore, this study indicated that Tob1 perhaps played an important role in skeletal muscle development.     

初沉-气浮-接触氧化工艺处理养猪废水

介绍了初沉-气浮-接触氧化工艺处理养猪废水工程案例。该工艺处理效果好,可将进水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP等指标降为符合《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》（GB 18596-2001）出水的水质要求。