Molecular structures of traction fluids in relation to traction properties

In order to develop excellent traction fluids, guidelines for molecular design were studied through analyzing correlation between molecular structures and traction properties of traction fluids quantitatively. Some results among various simple compounds as model compounds of traction fluids and among various traction fluids were described in this article. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

超临界流体萃取技术的应用与开发

超临界流体萃取作为新型分离技术有其自身的特点,与某些过程的现有技术比较具有一定优势．该技术目前尚处于开发阶段．     

A multi-layer approach to opinion polarity classification using augmented semantic tree kernels

Tremendous increase in user-generated content (UGC) published over the web in the form of natural language has posed a formidable challenge to automated information extraction (IE) and content analysis (CA). Techniques based on tree kernels (TK) have been successfully used for modelling semantic compositionality in many natural language processing (NLP) applications. Essentially, these techniques obtain the similarity of two production rules based on exact string comparison between the peer nodes. However, semantically identical tree fragments are forbidden even though they can contribute to the similarity of two trees. A mechanism needs to be addressed that accounts for the similarity of rules with varied syntax and vocabulary holding knowledge that are relatively analogous. In this paper, a hierarchical framework based on document object model (DOM) tree and linguistic kernels that jointly address subjectivity detection, opinion extraction and polarity classification is addressed. The model proceeds in three stages: during first stage, the contents of each DOM tree node is analysed to estimate the complexity of vocabulary and syntax using readability test. In second stage, the semantic tree kernels extended with word embeddings are used to classify nodes containing subjective and objective content. Finally, the content returned to be subjective is further examined for opinion polarity classification using fine-grained linguistic kernels. The efficiency of the proposed model is demonstrated through a series of experiments being conducted. The results reveal that the proposed polarity-enriched tree kernel (PETK) results in better prediction performance compared to the conventional tree kernels.     

Polarity‐Switchable Symmetric Graphite Batteries with High Energy and High Power Densities

Multifunctional batteries with enhanced safety performance have received considerable attention for their applications at extreme conditions. However, few batteries can endure a mix‐up of battery polarity during charging, a common wrong operation of rechargeable batteries. Herein, a polarity‐switchable battery based on the switchable intercalation feature of graphite is demonstrated. The unique redox‐amphoteric intercalation behavior of graphite allows a reversible switching of graphite between anode and cathode, thus enabling polarity‐switchable symmetric graphite batteries. The large potential gap between anion and cation intercalation delivers a high midpoint device voltage (≈average voltage) of ≈4.5 V. Further, both the graphite anode and cathode are kinetically activated during the polarity switching. Consequently, polarity‐switchable symmetric graphite batteries exhibit a remarkable cycling stability (96% capacity retention after 500 cycles), a high power density of 8.66 kW kg^?1, and a high energy density of 227 Wh kg^?1 (calculated based on the total weight of active materials in both anode and cathode), which are superior to other symmetric batteries and recently reported dual‐graphite or dual‐carbon batteries. This work will inspire the development of new multifunctional energy‐storage devices based on novel materials and electrolyte systems.     

汽轮机润滑油乳化问题在线处理方法研究

陕西某电厂供热机组在供暖期内发生汽封漏气,导致汽轮机润滑油严重乳化,危害机组运行安全。为了不影响机组正常供暖,研究并验证了不同在线处理方法的处理效果。结果表明,采用极性诱导选择性吸附剂对运行油进行在线再生,可将油的破乳化度降至极限值,使乳化油在极短时间内破乳化,油与水在油箱中具有充足的分离时间,彻底解决了运行油乳化问题,为机组运行安全提供了保障。     

极性聚丙烯的研究进展及应用

介绍了极性PP几种常见的制备方法,包括一步法接枝(溶液接枝、悬浮接枝、熔融接枝和固相接枝等)、二步法接枝、丙烯和极性单体直接聚合以及中介物功能化法等,同时综述了极性PP的表征方法和应用情况。通过对PP进行极性化处理,可以使其作为界面相容剂和大分子偶联剂或其它助剂使用。     

VSC-LCC型混合直流输电系统启动控制策略研究

针对VSC-LCC型双端混合直流输电系统拓扑,结合其系统特殊性提出了一种基于极性切换的启动控制方案。建立了VSC-LCC型双端混合直流输电 系统拓扑及其数学模型;在VSC换流器整流侧采用直接电流控制方法,在LCC换流器端逆变侧采用定直流电压控制方法的基础上,针对该系统潮流单向 流动性的限制问题,在LCC换流器端直流侧采用极性切换的启动控制策略;在PSCAD/EMTDC环境下建立了该系统的模型,验证了设计的启动控制策略。 仿真结果表明,该启动控制策略能有效抑制启动过程中的过电流和过电压,保证系统平稳地过渡到额定运行状态,达到了良好的启动控制效果。     

电极极性影响EHD强化沸腾传热的机理

The effects of electrode polarities on EHD enhancement boiling heat transfer were investigated theoretically and experimentally based on the analysis of electric field distribution affected by superheat boundary layer and charge injection. The results showed that electric field distribution was changed by the charge induced by temperature gradients in the superheat boundary layer, but the change was independent of electrode polarities. However, when electric charge injection occurred, the electrode applied positive high voltage might generate different characteristics of charge injection from that generated by applied negative high voltage. If the electric field on the surface of heat transfer increased due to charge injection, the augmentation effects would increase. The experiments demonstrated that positive high voltage gave larger enhancement factors than negative high voltage. The experimental phenomena could be interpreted well on the basis of charge injection characteristics.     

纳米Z_rO_2超细粉的制备及表面改性

通过加入适宜的分散剂,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米级ＺｒＯ２超细粉,其粒度分布均匀,且分散性好,所得粉体进行了表面改性,使粉体表面由极性转变为非极性。