Tuning the Poisson's Ratio of Biomaterials for Investigating Cellular Response

Cells sense and respond to mechanical forces, regardless of whether the source is from a normal tissue matrix, an adjacent cell or a synthetic substrate. In recent years, cell response to surface rigidity has been extensively studied by modulating the elastic modulus of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels. In the context of biomaterials, Poisson's ratio, another fundamental material property parameter has not been explored, primarily because of challenges involved in tuning the Poisson's ratio in biological scaffolds. Two‐photon polymerization is used to fabricate suspended web structures that exhibit positive and negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), based on analytical models. NPR webs demonstrate biaxial expansion/compression behavior, as one or multiple cells apply local forces and move the structures. Unusual cell division on NPR structures is also demonstrated. This methodology can be used to tune the Poisson's ratio of several photocurable biomaterials and could have potential implications in the field of mechanobiology.     

PEG/增塑剂共混物相容性的分子动力学模拟和介观模拟

为解决含能钝感增塑剂应用于硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂的问题,研究了增塑剂三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯(TMETN)、硝化甘油(NG)、1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN)与粘合剂预聚物聚乙二醇(PEG)的相容性。采用分子动力学模拟计算了PEG、TMETN、NG、BTTN四种纯物质的溶度参数及分子内和分子间径向分布函数,得到相容性优劣顺序为:TMETN/PEGBTTN/PEGNG/PEG。BTTN分子中的亚甲基和TMETN的结构削弱了自身分子间作用、降低了与PEG溶度参数的差值;分析了共混物的结合能及分子间径向分布函数,认为增塑剂与PEG相容的本质为"分子间以非键作用相结合,范德华作用占主要比重"。此外,增塑剂与PEG分子的极性越相近、范德华作用的占比越大;通过介观模拟得到体系的介观形态演变过程,发现NG/PEG及BTTN/PEG易发生相分离、TMETN/PEG仅发生轻微的同相归并。最终得出:含能钝感增塑剂TMETN与PEG的相容性优于BTTN及NG,可以考虑将其代替或部分代替NG、降低NEPE推进剂的感度,为低易损战术武器的发展提供依据。     

NAK80塑料模具钢本构关系的试验研究

利用电子材料拉伸试验机、热模拟试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆系统对NAK80塑料模具钢在较宽温度范围(25~600℃)和不同应变率(700~5 000 s-1)条件下的力学特性开展了系列的试验研究。结果表明:室温下,NAK80塑料模具钢流变行为对应变率不敏感;相同应变率下(10-2s-1),其屈服强度和流变应力随温度升高而下降,且高温下热软化效应明显,导致屈服后应变增加而应力下降。以试验数据为基础,拟合了Johnson-Cook模型,利用该模型对不同温度和不同应变率下NAK80塑料模具钢的流变应力进行预测,与试验数据对比表明,拟合的Johnson-Cook模型能够较好的描述NAK80塑料模具钢的流变行为。     

超高分子量聚乙烯高温环境抗冲击能力研究

为研究超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)在高温环境下的热性能和力学特性,对不同高温处理1h后的UHMWPE进行了SEM、DSC以及XRD分析。结果表明:150℃处理后纤维表面和断面已失去原有结构,XRD衍射峰峰值明显降低;DSC结果显示,与高温试验前及其它高温处理后有2个较大的吸热峰不同,150℃处理的样品仅有1个吸热峰,且峰值较低。对纤维包覆成的CDF进行爆轰性能试验,结果表明150℃处理后的样品抗冲击强度严重下降,已不能满足CDF的要求。     

3D Anisotropic Polyethylene as Light-Responsive Grippers and Surfing Divers

Untethered soft actuators are usually based on 3D engineered special polymers such as liquid crystal networks or hydrogels that require complex fabrication methods. Here, an easy-to-process, anisotropic composite soft actuator based on a simple photothermal dye-doped polyethylene film is presented. The 3D anisotropic polymer films are prepared by solution-casting and subsequent thermal solid-stretching. The resulting soft actuators exhibit large and controllable bending in response to light (UV and/or near-infrared (NIR)) and are able to act as grippers picking up cargo. Additionally, the films are capable of realizing “diving” and “surfing” locomotion in and over a liquid via the photothermal induced Marangoni effect, yielding a NIR light-fueled transporter able to pick up cargo. The results open up new possibilities of using commodity polymers in a broad range of applications including untethered soft actuators and robotic devices.     

Interaction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Soft Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Polyethylene Glycol and Dendritic Polyglycerol

Keeping the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their adipocyte differentiation potential is critical for clinical use. However, these features are lost on traditional substrates. hMSCs have often been studied on stiff materials whereas culturing hMSCs in their native niche increases their potential. Herein, a patterned hydrogel nanocomposite with the stiffness of liver tissues is obtained without any molding process. To investigate hMSCs' mechanoresponse to the material, the RGD spacing units and the stiffness of the hydrogels are dually tuned via the linker length. This work suggests that hMSCs' locomotion is influenced by the nature of the hydrogel layer (bulk or thin film). Contrary to on bulk surfaces, cell traction occurs during cell spreading on thin films. In addition, hMSCs' spreading behavior varies from shorter to longer linker‐based hydrogels, where on both surfaces hMSCs maintains their stemness as well as their adipogenic differentiation potential with a higher number of adipocytes for nanocomposites with a longer polymer linker. Overall, this work addresses the need for a new alternative for hMSCs culture allowing the cells to differentiate exclusively into adipocytes. This material represents a cell‐responsive platform with a tissue‐mimicking architecture given by the mechanical and morphological properties of the hydrogel.     

泥页岩水敏性对盐岩层塑性变形的影响

由于处在盐岩层夹层中的泥页岩水敏性的影响,经24小时吸附水化和渗透水化后的泥页岩膨胀压力高达36.44MPa。抑制泥页岩水敏性是控制盐岩层塑性变形的有效途径。     

塑料光纤光栅及其在WDM系统中的应用前景

在对光纤光栅调谐和塑料光纤的研究基础上,提出了一种新的无源器件－塑料光纤光栅。分析表明,它的调谐量可以达到数百纳米,有望在将来的全波光纤ＷＤＭ中对所信道进行解复用。对这种器件在应用中会面临的问题进行讨论。     

Hybrid Paper–Plastic Microchip for Flexible and High‐Performance Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics

A low‐cost and easy‐to‐fabricate microchip remains a key challenge for the development of true point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics. Cellulose paper and plastic are thin, light, flexible, and abundant raw materials, which make them excellent substrates for mass production of POC devices. Herein, a hybrid paper–plastic microchip (PPMC) is developed, which can be used for both single and multiplexed detection of different targets, providing flexibility in the design and fabrication of the microchip. The developed PPMC with printed electronics is evaluated for sensitive and reliable detection of a broad range of targets, such as liver and colon cancer protein biomarkers, intact Zika virus, and human papillomavirus nucleic acid amplicons. The presented approach allows a highly specific detection of the tested targets with detection limits as low as 10² ng mL^?1 for protein biomarkers, 10³ particle per milliliter for virus particles, and 10² copies per microliter for a target nucleic acid. This approach can potentially be considered for the development of inexpensive and stable POC microchip diagnostics and is suitable for the detection of a wide range of microbial infections and cancer biomarkers.     

美国高可靠领域塑封微电路技术分析

介绍了塑封微电路的优缺点以及美国航空航天局在高可靠领域使用塑封微电路的政策,分析了具体的筛选、鉴定检验、破坏性物理分析和降额要求等,对我国航天航空等高可靠领域中使用塑封微电路具有一定的借鉴意义.