全自动氨基酸分析仪法测定4种贝类肌肉中谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量

建立一种测定贝类肌肉中谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸的全自动氨基酸分析仪法,以4种常见贝类为研究对象,采用0.02 mol/L盐酸溶液作为提取剂,体积分数5%磺基水杨酸溶液为蛋白沉淀剂,同时优化了缓冲溶液的组成及洗脱程序,并对该方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度以及回收率进行测定。结果表明:贝类肌肉中的谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸有着较好的分离效果,线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限(RSN=3)为0.07~0.27μmol/L,加标平均回收率为86.40%~102.42%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为0.31%~0.73%和1.14%~2.60%。4种贝类肌肉组织中的游离氨基酸含量比较丰富,总游离氨基酸含量分别为1 396.39、1 016.04、911.15、287.01 mg/100 g,文蛤青蛤缢蛏牡蛎,主要的游离氨基酸为牛磺酸(Tau)、谷氨酸(Glu)、丙氨酸(Ala)、精氨酸(Arg);谷胱甘肽含量分别为103.20、82.53、61.77、33.37 mg/100 g,青蛤文蛤缢蛏牡蛎。该方法适用于贝类肌肉中谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量的测定与分析。     

Postmortem pH, Muscle, and Refrigerated Storage Effects on Ability of Vacuum-Packaged Pork to Bloom

ABSTRACT: Effects of pH, muscle, and storage time on the ability of vacuum-packaged pork chops to bloom were investigated. Low pH samples exhibited more change in color measures during the 30 min blooming period than did the medium and high pH samples. The low pH sample bloomed more rapidly and to a greater extent than medium and high pH samples. Among the 3 muscles, Longissimus had the highest, while Semimembranosus had the lowest a^* value and hue angle changes. Overall, refrigerated storage of vacuum packaged pork for 7 d or more resulted in more efficient blooming when pH was low. The ability of vacuum-packaged pork to rebloom is necessary for the meat to regain the consumer-expected pink-red color after opening the vacuum bag.     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts alleviate oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle of low‐dose streptozotocin‐ and high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic rats

Although ER stress in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue was reported to be a novel event linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is much less information on this event in skeletal muscle. Some studies indicated that treatment with antioxidants had beneficial effects on ER stress and diabetes. This study focuses on the effects of a strong antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE), on skeletal muscle in diabetic rats induced with low dose streptozotocin‐ and a high‐carbohydrate/high‐fat diet. After 16 wk of GSPE treatment, diabetic rats showed decreased plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance. The efficacious effect of GSPE was manifested by the amelioration of muscular damage and dysfunction, as observed by histological examination and periodic acid Schiff staining. Concurrently, calcium overload and the abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPases in diabetic muscles were partially reversed by GSPE treatment. GSPE also increased the activity of protein kinase B (a mediator of insulin's metabolic action) and partially alleviated severe ER stress. These findings suggest that GSPE may have auxiliary therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and ER stress in skeletal muscle.     

动态高压微射流对猪胰脂肪酶的影响

以猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)为原料,研究动态高压微射流(DHPM)对酶活性和构象的影响.结果显示:DHPM处理对PPL具有钝化作用,处理压力越大,钝化作用越小;4℃下贮存24 h,相对酶活有所回升.通过紫外光谱和圆二色谱分析DHPM对PPL构象的影响,发现经100 MPa DHPM处理后,PPL的紫外吸收强度降低,β-折叠含量减少,但随着处理压力增大,紫外吸收强度和β-折叠含量逐渐增大;4℃放置24 h后,紫外吸收强度和β-折叠含量进一步上升.PPL的相对酶活与紫外吸收强度、β-折叠含量呈一定的正相关.     

Physicochemical Changes in Pacific Whiting Muscle Proteins during Iced Storage

No changes in actomyosin Ca²⁺-, Mg²⁺-, or Mg²⁺-Ca²⁺-ATPase activities were observed during iced storage of Pacific whiting fillets, but Mg²⁺-EGTA-ATPase increased with a loss of Ca²⁺-sensitivity. Surface hydrophobicity of actomyosin increased substantially within 2 days, but not total sulfhydryl (SH) content. During longer storage, the SH content decreased gradually, but surface hydrophobicity remained constant. Autolytic degradation products increased in fish muscle with storage time. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) was degraded by 45% within 8 days, but no noticeable difference was observed in actin. Results indicated that autolysis may be the main cause of physicochemical changes in Pacific whiting muscle proteins during iced storage.     

丁香酚麻醉大口黑鲈的保活温度优化

为探讨温度对有水保活大口黑鲈代谢与肌肉品质的影响,研究了不同丁香酚浓度对大口黑鲈的麻醉效果。选取最佳浓度麻醉大口黑鲈,分别在5,10,15和20 ℃的条件下保活,测定了不同温度下的存活率、氨氮含量、血液生化指标与肌肉品质的变化。结果显示：大口黑鲈的较佳丁香酚浓度为18 mg/L,在5 ℃保活72 h存活率为0,在10、15和20 ℃下保活96 h后的存活率分别100%,75%和0%;随着保活时间延长,与15 ℃,20 ℃组相比,10 ℃组的总氨氮降低24.12%~51.24%,血糖含量先增加后下降,保活72 h后,10 ℃处理组血清中皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和尿素氮分别比20 ℃组低260.44 pg/mL、52.54 mmol/L、8.76 mmol/L、3.26 mmol/L和8.22 mmol/L（p<0.05）,而溶菌酶、总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量均显著高于其它组（p<0.05）;10 ℃肝脏HSP90的表达量显著低于15 ℃和20 ℃;肌肉指标中,15 ℃和20 ℃组糖原、粗蛋白含量和pH显著低于10 ℃组。表明10 ℃保活条件下大口黑鲈抗氧化物酶活性增强,应激降低,肌肉品质影响较小。因此,10 ℃适合大口黑鲈的长途保活运输。     

中国大鲵肌内脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化研究

分析中国大鲵肌内脂肪酸的组成,并研究肌内脂肪酸抗氧化,提供肌内脂肪酸开发利用的基础理论。通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析肌内脂肪酸的组成;通过Schaal烘箱法(63±1℃)研究肌内脂肪酸的抗氧化特性。GC-MS分析结果表明:肌内脂肪主要含13种脂肪酸,其含量由高到低依次为,C18∶124.2%,C16∶015.4%,C16∶113.7%,C18∶28.2%,C20∶56.7%,C18∶34.5%,C22∶64.3%,C14∶13.0%,C18∶02.8%,C22∶52.6%,C20∶42.2%,C17∶02.0%,C17∶11.9%。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为20.2%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)达71.3%。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)为42.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为28.5%,具有保健功能性作用的ω-6型PUFA为13.0%,ω-3型PUFA为15.5%。ω-6型与ω-3型PUFA比为0.8。Schaal烘箱法研究结果表明:抗氧化剂二丁基对甲苯酚(BHT)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)、特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对肌内脂肪酸有明显的抗氧化作用,其中特丁基对苯二酚抗氧化效果较佳。中国大鲵肌内脂肪富含ω-3和ω-6型...     

猪血蛋白肽的制备及其对肉糜抗氧化作用研究

试验用动物蛋白水解酶水解猪血球蛋白,通过离心、脱色、冻干得到猪血蛋白肽。将制得的猪血蛋白肽添加到生肉糜和熟肉糜中,通过测定肉糜的pH、TBARS值以及感官评定值来判断猪血蛋白肽的抗氧化作用。结果表明:制备的猪血蛋白肽蛋白具有抗氧化活性。将其添加到肉饼中,与对照组比较,猪血蛋白肽能显著抑制肉饼中脂肪的氧化,并且添加量越大,抑制效果越好。     

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究猪血清蛋白硫酸铵分级盐析

本文通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究了盐析时各种猪血清蛋白溶解度与硫酸铵饱和度的关系,结果显示猪血清蛋白析出区间为25%～70%硫酸铵饱和度,各种猪血清蛋白具有各自的沉淀区间。10倍稀释猪血清白蛋白最佳硫酸铵沉淀方案为:pH值7.4,调节硫酸铵饱和度到50%,离心除去沉淀,调清液pH值至4.5,硫酸铵饱和度至55%,沉淀白蛋白。pH值7.4,35%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀猪血清时,IgG得率为69.5%,纯度为76%;40%饱和度时,IgG得率为91.8%,纯度为61.6%。