兔肉发酵香肠菌种配比及发酵条件的研究

用植物乳杆菌(Lp),嗜酸乳杆菌(La)和戊糖片球菌(Pp)3个菌种进行耐盐和耐亚硝酸盐试验,观察其在不同温度条件下的生长情况,然后通过正交试验确定3者配比。试验结果表明,3个菌种均可以作为兔肉发酵香肠的发酵剂,优化的配比是1.0%,0.6%,0.3%,发酵温度为30℃,RH 90%,发酵22～24 h,接种量为10~7cfu/g。     

复合有机盐溶液对猪肉保鲜效果的研究

将几种有机盐复合后处理猪肉,通过L9(34)正交试验,在22℃下对保鲜效果进行检测分析.结果表明,各水平组合均有一定保鲜作用,以0.5%柠檬酸钠、8%醋酸钠、8%山梨酸钾组合效果最佳,能有效控制TVBN增加,延缓pH上升,对肉样感官指标无较大影响,保鲜期达15d.     

三种红烧肉挥发性风味成分的比较研究

为比较不同种类红烧肉挥发性成分间的差异,利用固相微萃取-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)和电子鼻主成分分析技术对苏式红烧肉、毛氏红烧肉和东坡肉三种类型红烧肉的挥发性成分进行分析。结果显示,三种不同类型红烧肉共鉴定出65种挥发性风味物质,共同含有11种挥发性成分,苏氏红烧肉含有较多的醛类物质和酸类物质,毛氏红烧肉中烷烃类、醛类和酸类物质较丰富,而东坡肉中含有大量的醛类、酸类和酯类;电子鼻可以较好地区分不同类型红烧肉,第一主成分贡献率为95.55%,第二主成分贡献率为3.94%,足够收集全部传感器信息。三种红烧肉挥发性风味成分从物质种类和组成比例上差异较大,说明配料和制作工艺对其风味影响较大。     

2002年我国猪肉产销简析

本文简要分析了今年猪肉产销形势,提出了我国猪肉外贸战略上应该考虑的几个重要问题。     

发酵金针菇香肠的研究

采用正交设计方法,将液态深层发酵获得的金针菇菌丝体发酵液与传统香肠生产主要原料适当配比制作香肠,通过对组织形态、口感风味、香味、色泽等感官指标评定,得出最佳配方为金针菇发酵液添加量为25%,肥瘦比3∶7(100kg肉计),食盐2%,白糖1.5%及其他辅料。     

肉用发酵菌株的筛选及其在低盐发酵香肠中的应用

该研究以蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和抑菌活性筛选肉用发酵菌株,通过分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并将其应用于低盐发酵香肠中,通过感官、理化及微生物指标分析评价其应用效果。结果表明,筛选鉴定得到两株适用于肉类发酵、安全且具有蛋白酶及抑菌活性的菌株,分别为植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）BR-12和木糖葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus xylose）H-1,其中菌株BR-12还具有脂肪酶活性,两菌株间无拮抗作用。菌株BR-12与H-1按2∶1和1∶5的比例接种制备的低盐发酵香肠pH下降迅速,肠杆菌数与挥发性盐基氮含量较低,感官评分较高,硬度适中,弹性好,呈特有的玫瑰红色,且两菌株接种比例为2:1时,品质更好,说明菌株BR-12和H-1复配发酵有利于提高产品安全性,改善低盐发酵香肠滋气味,可用于低盐香肠发酵。     

猪肉脂肪氧化酶在高压结合热处理过程中失活动力学模型

为了解猪肉高压加工过程中脂肪氧化酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)活性的变化规律,以猪背最长肌为原料,经不同压力(200~700 MPa)、温度(20~60℃)结合处理后,研究LOX失活常数的变化规律,并分别用Arrhenius和Eyring方程为基础来建立LOX失活的动力学模型。结果表明,当处理温度不变时,失活常数随压力的增加而增加;同样,当处理压力不变时,失活常数随温度升高而增加。Arrhenius和Eyring方程分别适用于整个研究的温度区间和压力区间,分别以两者为基础可以建立LOX失活的动力学方程,两个方程的拟合程度均较高,决定系数分别达到0.989和0.965。因此在一定的处理温度(20~60℃)和压力(200~700 MPa)范围内,猪肉高压结合热处理过程中LOX活性的变化可以用以Arrhenius和Eyring方程为基础建立的数学模型进行预测。     

Lipid oxidative changes in chitosan-oregano coated traditional dry fermented sausage Petrovská klobása

The effect of a chitosan coating with added essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) on lipid oxidation of dry fermented sausage (Petrovská klobása) was investigated. Fatty acid profile, aldehyde contents and sensory analysis of odor and flavor were determined after drying and during seven months of storage.     

Effect of plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid on lipid oxidation,residual nitrite and N‐nitrosamines formation in dry‐cured sausage

The effects of green tea,grape seed polyphenols and ascorbic acid on pH, water activity (a_w), microbiological counts, TBARS, residual nitrite and N‐nitrosamines were determined in dry‐cured sausages during the ripening period. Results showed that TBARS increased gradually during ripening (P < 0.05), but were significantly reduced with plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid (P < 0.05). Green tea polyphenol (GTP) was most effective (P < 0.05) in reducing TBARS. Plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid significantly decreased residual nitrite, ascorbic acid being most effective (P < 0.05). The amount of N‐nitrosamines increased during ripening, but was significantly reduced with plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid (P < 0.05). Plant polyphenols had no significant effects on moisture content, a_w, pH or microbiological counts in dry‐cured sausage during ripening (P > 0.05). It was concluded that plant polyphenols and ascorbic acid were effective in maintaining the quality and safety of dry‐cured sausages.     

Effects of onion on physicochemical properties,lipid oxidation and microbial growth of fresh pork patties

Onions with or without heating (100 °C, 30 min) were extracted with water or methanol, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion extracts were evaluated. Product characteristics of fresh pork patties containing various onion extracts were measured during refrigerated storage. Water extracts of onions showed higher extraction yield and iron chelating ability than methanol extracts (P < 0.05), whereas, the latter was more effective than the former in phenolic compounds and reducing power (P < 0.05). The addition of onion extracts [water extract from fresh onion (WEFO), methanol extract from heated onion (MEHO) and their combinations (WEFMEHO)] to pork patties decreased redness, increased yellowness, and inhibited lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05). One per cent of WEFMEHO in pork patties had antioxidant activities as effective as butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT, 0.01%). Redness and yellowness decreased and increased with the addition of onion extract, respectively (P < 0.05).