A New Salt‐Baked Approach for Confining Selenium in Metal Complex‐Derived Porous Carbon with Superior Lithium Storage Properties

For lithium‐selenium batteries, commercial applications are hindered by the inferior electrical conductivity of selenium and the low utilization ratio of the active selenium. Here, we report a new baked‐in‐salt approach to enable Se to better infiltrate into metal‐complex‐derived porous carbon (Se/MnMC‐B). The approach uses the confined, narrow space that is sandwiched between two compact NaCl solid disks, thus avoiding the need for protection with argon or a vacuum environment during processing. The electrochemical properties for both lithium and sodium storage of our Se/MnMC‐B cathode were found to be outstanding. For lithium storage, the Se/MnMC‐B cathode (with 72% selenium loading) exhibited a capacity of 580 mA h g^?1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C, and an excellent rate capability was achieved at 20 C and 510 mA h g^?1. For sodium storage, a specific capacity of 535 mA h g^?1 was achieved at 0.1 C after 150 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of this approach as a new effective general synthesis method for confining other low melting point materials into a porous carbon matrix.     

Design of Hierarchical NiCo@NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide Core–Shell Structured Nanotube Array for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Battery‐Type Supercapacitors

A novel hierarchical nanotube array (NTA) with a massive layered top and discretely separated nanotubes in a core–shell structure, that is, nickel–cobalt metallic core and nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide shell (Ni?Co@Ni?Co LDH), is grown on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) by template‐assisted electrodeposition for high‐performance supercapacitor application. The synthesized Ni?Co@Ni?Co LDH NTAs/CFC shows high capacitance of 2200 F g^?1 at a current density of 5 A g^?1, while 98.8% of its initial capacitance is retained after 5000 cycles. When the current density is increased from 1 to 20 A g^?1, the capacitance loss is less than 20%, demonstrating excellent rate capability. A highly flexible all‐solid‐state battery‐type supercapacitor is successfully fabricated with Ni?Co LDH NTAs/CFC as the positive electrode and electrospun carbon fibers/CFC as the negative electrode, showing a maximum specific capacitance of 319 F g^?1, a high energy density of 100 W h kg^?1 at 1.5 kW kg^?1, and good cycling stability (98.6% after 3000 cycles). These fascinating electrochemical properties are resulted from the novel structure of electrode materials and synergistic contributions from the two electrodes, showing great potential for energy storage applications.     

ZnO/PS异质结的光学和电学性质

用脉冲激光沉积的方法在多孔硅(PS)衬底上沉积ZnO薄膜,在室温下测量了ZnO/PS异质结的结构及光学和电学性质.X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜测量表明,制备的ZnO薄膜具有一定的c轴取向,但薄膜存在较多缺陷.光致发光谱显示,PS的发光与ZnO的发光相叠加,呈现白光发射.对异质结I-V特性曲线的测量表明,异质结呈现出与普通二极管不同的整流特性,其反向电流不饱和,据此提出了能带模型.     

Functional Free‐Standing Graphene Honeycomb Films

Fabricating free‐standing, three‐dimensional (3D) ordered porous graphene structure can service a wide range of functional materials such as environmentally friendly materials for antibacterial medical applications and efficient solar harvesting devices. A scalable solution processable strategy is developed to create such free‐standing hierarchical porous structures composed of functionalized graphene sheets via an “on water spreading” method. The free‐standing film shows a large area uniform honeycomb structure and can be transferred onto any substrate of interest. The graphene‐based free‐standing honeycomb films exhibit superior broad spectrum antibacterial activity as confirmed using green fluorescent protein labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Escherichia coli as model pathogens. Functional nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles can be easily introduced into conductive graphene‐based scaffolds by premixing. The formed composite honeycomb film electrode shows a fast, stable, and completely reversible photocurrent response accompanying each switch‐on and switch‐off event. The graphene‐based honeycomb scaffold enhances the light‐harvesting efficiency and improves the photoelectric conversion behavior; the photocurrent of the composite film is about two times as high as that of the pure TiO₂ film electrode. Such composite porous films combining remarkably good electrochemical performance of graphene, a large electrode/electrolyte contact area, and excellent stability during the photo‐conversion process hold promise for further applications in water treatment and solar energy conversion.     

单层SiO2和ZrO2薄膜激光辐照损伤的对比

分别采用物理气相沉积和溶胶-凝胶技术在K9基片上镀制了4块光学厚度相近的SiO2和ZrO2单层膜.分别采用椭偏仪、透射式光热透镜和原子力显微镜对两类薄膜的孔隙率、热吸收和微观表面形貌进行了表征;利用Nd:YAG激光器测试了样品的激光损伤阈值(LIDT;1064 nm/8.1 ns),并用光学显微镜观察了两类薄膜的损伤形...     

High‐Performance Micro‐Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabricated on Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates

Micro‐solid oxide fuel cells (μ‐SOFCs) are fabricated on nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with a cell structure composed of a 600‐nm‐thick AAO free‐standing membrane embedded on a Si substrate, sputter‐deposited Pt electrodes (cathode and anode) and an yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Initially, the open circuit voltages (OCVs) of the AAO‐supported μ‐SOFCs are in the range of 0.05 V to 0.78 V, which is much lower than the ideal value, depending on the average pore size of the AAO template and the thickness of the YSZ electrolyte. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals the formation of pinholes in the electrolyte layer that originate from the porous nature of the underlying AAO membrane. In order to clog these pinholes, a 20‐nm thick Al₂O₃ layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of the 300‐nm thick YSZ layer and another 600‐nm thick YSZ layer is deposited after removing the top intermittent Al₂O₃ layer. Fuel cell devices fabricated in this way manifest OCVs of 1.02 V, and a maximum power density of 350 mW cm^?2 at 500 °C.     

多层间隔式结构多孔硅冷阴极电子发射的研究

在多孔硅（ＰＳ）表面电子发射冷阴极中采用间隔式多层结构。由此,器件电子发射效率显著提高,在３２．５Ｖ偏压下,发射效率达１３．５％,发射电流密度２９μＡ／ｃｍ＾２;工作电流和发射电流的波动性明显减小;器件稳定性得到提高。