微量Mg元素添加对Cu-Cr合金析出行为及性能的影响

通过熔炼铸造工艺制备了Cu-Cr和Cu-Cr-Mg合金,评价了Mg元素对Cu-Cr合金硬度、导电和抗软化性能的影响,研究了Mg元素对Cu-Cr合金析出相的细化作用,探讨了Mg元素的迁移行为。结果表明,相比于Cu-Cr二元合金,时效态Cu-Cr-Mg合金具有更高的硬度和软化温度,且保持较高的导电性能。两种合金的主要时效强化相均为纳米Cr析出相,Mg元素的加入抑制了纳米沉淀相的长大和结构转变,峰时效态Cu-Cr-Mg合金的析出相与基体可能仍保持共格界面关系,过时效态合金中出现与Heulser相结构相同的析出相,且峰时效态Cu-Cr-Mg合金经过高温保温处理后,其强化相的尺寸明显小于Cu-Cr合金析出相。EDS的结果表明,在时效初期Mg和Cr共存于析出相内部,而在时效后期析出相内部只有Cr元素存在,Mg元素发生迁移,同时理论估算结果显示,Mg元素可明显降低Cu(fcc)/Cr(bcc)之间的界面能,导致其偏聚于基体/析出相界面处,这可能是Mg元素能够细化析出相和提高合金性能的主要原因。     

Morphometric and some immunohistochemical characteristics of human choroids plexus stroma and psammoma bodies

Psammoma bodies (PBs) are one of many choroids plexus aging changes. The aim of our research was to perform the quantification of PBs' presence in human choroids plexus stroma, as well as to evaluate the characteristics of choroids plexus stroma in cases in which PBs were present. Afterwards, the observations of the histochemical analysis would be confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Choroid plexuses of 30 cadavers were used for the histochemical and, choroids plexuses of 15 cadavers in which PBs' presence was confirmed during the histochemical analysis, were used as material for the immunohistochemical analysis. Light microscopy, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and morphometric method were applied during the study. Classification of the cases was performed by cluster analysis. We observed increase of choroids plexus PBs' presence during the aging process. But this increase is not linear. Their presence is the largest in the second cluster that is younger than the third and older than the first. Nuclear morphometric parameters of the stroma in these cases showed that the cellular composition in this cluster is different than in other two and, that contain larger number of lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PBs' positive reaction on vimentin, CD45R0, and LCA markers, while in their vicinity, as well as inside them, numerous T-cells were observed. So, the presence of CD45R0 and LCA-positive T cells, PBs' positive reaction on the same markers, indirectly connect these cells with PBs' formation process.     

Polarized light imaging of white matter architecture

Polarized light imaging (PLI) is a method to image fiber orientation in gross histological brain sections based on the birefringent properties of the myelin sheaths. The method uses the transmission of polarized light to quantitatively estimate the fiber orientation and inclination angles at every point of the imaged section. Multiple sections can be assembled into a 3D volume, from which the 3D extent of fiber tracts can be extracted. This article describes the physical principles of PLI and describes two major applications of the method: the imaging of white matter orientation of the rat brain and the generation of fiber orientation maps of the human brain in white and gray matter. The strengths and weaknesses of the method are set out.     

Environmental support hypothesis in designing multimedia training for older adults: Is less always more?

This study explores younger and older adults learning of MS Publisher functionalities from a multimedia tutorial. Twenty younger and twenty three older adults assigned to a redundant (experimental) or non-redundant (control) condition were taught how to create a greeting card, while the results of their learning were assessed with immediate and delayed performance measures. While younger learners benefited from a non-redundant condition, older learners exhibited an opposite trend. Redundant condition was beneficial for their performance efficiency on a set of a transfer tasks, and their troubleshooting performance during the delayed session. From a cognitive load perspective, using a redundant text along with an audio narration overloads learner’s working memory by placing more strain on the visual pathway and not providing any additional cognitive advantage. From an environmental support standpoint and decreased processing resources view of cognitive aging, providing additional representational support helps reducing the task demands for older adults and results in better learning. The results have cognitive and practical implications for the design of multimedia learning environments for older adults.     

多层次弹性养老保障制度探讨

建立多层次弹性养老保障制度可以分散和降低人口老龄化带来的养老风险。针对我国社会养老保险制度所面临的严峻的人口老龄化挑战,分析了现行社会养老保险制度的缺陷;提出了包括一个救助层、两个强制层、一个补充层和一个自助层的五层次弹性养老保障制度模型。     

The interplay of memory and judgment processes in effects of aging on hindsight bias.

Hindsight bias is the phenomenon that after people are presented with the correct answer to a question, their judgment regarding their own past answer to this question is biased toward the correct answer. In three experiments, younger and older adults gave numerical responses to general-knowledge questions and later attempted to recall their responses. For some questions, the correct answer was provided during recall (Experiment 1) or before recall (Experiments 2 and 3). Multinomial model-based analyses show age differences in both recollection bias and reconstruction bias when the correct judgment was in working memory during the recall phase. The authors discuss implications for theories of cognitive aging and theories of hindsight bias. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

乙烯基酯树脂及其炭纤维复合材料的湿热老化行为

结合乙烯基酯树脂(VE)浇注体在65℃和95℃蒸馏水中的湿热老化行为,对其炭纤维复合材料(CF/VE)的吸湿性、静态和动态力学性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,根据VE浇注体的吸湿特性,可将其复合材料的吸湿过程划分为基体吸湿为主和界面吸湿为主的两阶段;VE浇注体与其复合材料的弯曲强度的下降趋势一致,均与吸湿率的增加趋势相对应,但VE浇注体的弯曲模量下降较复合材料明显;VE浇注体及其复合材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的变化均随时间的延长而降低,并随吸湿达饱和而保持在一定值,但两者内耗峰的变化趋势刚好相反。     

过饱和Cu-Cr合金时效过程中的亚稳结构

利用气雾法制备了Cu—1．56Cr合金粉末并对其于500℃进行了时效，用高分辨电镜观察了其不同时效阶段的结构，并于时效的前期阶段观察到了两种亚稳结构且均为调制结构。利用电子衍射测定了两种结构的晶格点阵，其中调制结构I为在基体的目格点阵上进行的调制，调制结构Ⅱ为DO。型超结构且与基体之间具有N-W位向关系，是后来体心立方（bcc）单质Cr析出的母相。确定了Cu-1．56Cr合金时效过程的析出惯序为面心立方（fcc）的Cu基固溶体（无序结构）→fcc演化的调制结构I→调制结构Ⅱ（典型的DO3结构）→bcc的Cr单质析出相。此两亚稳结构为由fcc过饱和固溶体到bcc析出相的结构变迁提供了过渡。     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金线材织构研究

通过分析合金取向分布函数（ODF）及其反极图, 研究了塑性加工率与时效处理过程对Cu-Cr-Zr合金线材织构组分及其择优程度的影响;分析了Cu-Cr-Zr合金线材织构组分及其变化与材料性能的对应关系. 认为以{111}为主要组分的纤维织构有利于提高线材强度, 较大的道次加工量可以提高线材纤维织构组分的锐度. 高铜Cu-Cr-Zr合金具有良好的塑性, 可以采用40%以上的道次加工率进行线材加工, 以得到较高的{111}纤维织构. 合理安排中间时效处理与最终塑性加工工艺, 可以大幅度提高Cu-Cr-Zr合金线材的导电率, 获得具有理想综合性能的Cu-Cr-Zr合金.     

The Effects of Aging Precipitation on the Recrystallization of CuNiSiCr Alloy

The interaction between precipitation and recrystallization and its effect on the properties of the Cu-Ni-Si-Cr alloy during aging were discussed. The results show that the deformation results in much more dispersed precipitation of the phases. The precipitations have accelerating or retarding effects on the recrys allization. On the formation and growth of recrystallization, the precipitated phases are coarsed or dissolved in front of grain boundaries following a re-precipitation in the recrystallization area.