KMnO4氧化降解雌酮反应动力学与氧化产物

为探讨KMnO_4氧化降解雌酮(E1)的效能和反应机理,在假一级条件下,研究KMnO_4氧化降解E1的动力学规律,利用三重四级杆串联线性离子阱液相-质谱联用仪(LC-MS/MS)对KMnO_4氧化降解E1的产物进行分析.结果表明,KMnO_4氧化降解E1符合假一级动力学规律,且假一级动力学常数Kobs(s-1)随着KMnO_4浓度的增加呈线性增加,二级反应动力学常数k(L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1))随着pH的升高而增大.通过与HOCl和O_3氧化E1对比,在中性p H附近,KMnO_4氧化E1的二级反应动力学常数与HOCl相当,但远低于O_3.然而,实际水体中KMnO_4的除污染效能明显高于HOCl和O_3,主要是由于HOCl和O_3在实际水体中的消耗速度比较快,有效剩余浓度低,而KMnO_4在实际水体中的消耗速度比较慢.LC-MS/MS测定KMnO_4氧化降解E1产物的结果表明,KMnO_4易氧化进攻E1苯环上的活性位酚羟基,形成一系列羟基化、醌型、羧酸化芳香开环产物,并且有效降低其内分泌干扰活性.     

采用自适应字典学习的InSAR降噪方法

We consider the phase noise filtering problem for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) based on the dictionary learning technique. Due to the non-convexity of the optimization problem is difficult to solve. By using the splitting technique and employing the augmented Lagrangian framework, we obtain a relaxed nonlinear constraint optimization problem with l₁-norm regularization which can be solved efficiently by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Specifically, we firstly train dictionaries from the InSAR complex phase data, and then reconstruct the desired complex phase image from the sparse representation. Simulation results based on simulated and measured data show that this new InSAR phase noise reduction method has a much better performance than several classical phase filtering methods in terms of residual count, mean square error (MSE) and preservation of the fringe completeness.     

群策式智能多联机末端在大学教学楼的设计应用与分析

建筑能耗占全国能耗比重较大,中央空调在公共建筑中使用广泛,滥用无管理使得公共建筑夏季空调能耗很高。本文针对大学中多联机中央空调系统以末端智能调控系统控制策略方向为目的进行基于群策控制智能末端控制改造,达到节能的目的。通过单片机对空调控制面板进行电信号控制,数据判断及传输通过总服务器进行计算。控制方式采用自动控制与群策相结合,由微信公众号进行查询及发送命令,通过网络传输和数据库相连。数据库录入空调系统使用教室信息、工作及学习时段表等相关数据。从调研、设计、模拟来看,节能效果显著,最理想节能量可达84%,在调研过程中大部分学生对此可接受。     

A customised approach to determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small flood events in a regulated river

The construction of dams significantly alters flow and sediment regimes with subsequent deleterious effects on the morphological and ecological character of rivers. Effective experimental floods can ameliorate the downstream geomorphic impacts of dams. The traditional view is that large floods are required to perform effective geomorphic work, and the geomorphic outcomes of small floods are often overlooked. Many river restoration frameworks do not consider small floods. Yet, there is evidence that the hydrological characteristics that ameliorate specific geomorphic impacts in a river are unique to each river, and a customised approach to setting the right mix of floods (including small experimental floods) is needed. In this study, we modify an existing flood effectiveness model developed for large floods, for determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods in a highly regulated Australian river. Two flood classes were added to the model (medium peak stream power and moderate total energy expenditure), and the flood power characteristics were rescaled to reflect the relative difference in the magnitude of the small floods and the magnitude of the geomorphic work performed. Using a step‐wise approach, this customised model determined the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods. The best flood for ameliorating the geomorphic impacts of flow regulation had medium to long duration (10 to 51 days), high peak unit stream power (77 to 123 Wm^?2) and moderate to large total energy expenditure (78,600 to 342,320 × 10³ J). This approach to determining flood effectiveness for small floods is applicable to other geomorphically impacted river channels downstream of dams and can be used to inform experimental flood releases for geomorphic outcomes.     

生物质炭对气态挥发性有机污染物的吸附性能及机理

为探究生物质炭对气态有机污染物的吸附能力及作用机理,以核桃壳和椰子壳为原料制备生物质炭.采用元素分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、Boehm滴定和比表面积及孔隙率分析仪分析生物质炭理化特征,并利用吸附柱实验考察生物质炭对气态挥发性有机污染物(苯和甲苯)的吸附行为.结果表明:相同制备条件下,椰壳生物质炭吸附性能高于核桃壳生物质炭.在实验温度范围内(400~700℃),随着制备温度的升高,生物质炭吸附性能增大.低温下制备的生物质炭(400℃)吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型,高温下制备的生物质炭(700℃)的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型.在吸附温度30℃时,生物质炭对苯和甲苯的等温吸附过程符合Toth模型,计算得到生物质炭最大的理论饱和吸附量为18.98 mg/g苯和61.73 mg/g甲苯.生物质炭的表面酸性官能团和孔道结构在吸附过程中起关键作用,影响吸附质在生物质炭的表面吸附和粒内扩散吸附过程.     

基于应用型人才培养的高职院校校企合作问题研究

经过近十年的发展,随着人才培养目标向市场倾斜,高职教育越发重视校企合作,努力实现产学研结合。但现阶段,高职教育校企合作依然存在着不可忽视的问题,如企业积极性不高、学校对企业服务能力有限、政策支持力度不够等。需要积极探索研究,创新合作思路,校企合作过程中真正实现双方共赢。     

上海市光伏产业供应链金融模式分析

日趋严重的雾霾问题已经影响到社会的健康发展,发展光伏产业,改变能源结构迫在眉睫.通过调研,整理出目前上海地区光伏产业主要的供应链金融模式,分析了各种模式的含义、优势及适用范围,旨在缓解光伏企业的融资难问题,促进光伏行业的健康快速发展.     

基于资产全寿命周期管理体系的设备资产状态监测评价分析

从资产管理体系、状态监测评价指标及职责界定、管理流程及控制等方面,介绍了国网江苏省电力公司检修分公司实施的资产管理状态监测控制程序.通过加强资产管理状态监测工作的规范化、标准化和程序化,提高了资产管理状态监测水平,从而实现了公司管辖范围内按需、及时、有效地开展资产管理状态监测活动,确保江苏省电力公司主网各项生产活动安全、有序、高效地开展.     

浅议影响产业劳动生产率的因素及“三化”协调发展

本文将劳动生产率增长理论和实证分析运用于工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的协调发展,计算和分析了提高劳动生产率的三大要素对不同产业在不同的历史时期对产出的贡献率。“三化”的不协调主要体现在国民经济一、二、三产业劳动生产率差别太大,这也是二元经济社会结构的根源。要达到“三化”协调发展,只有逐步缩小三大产业劳动生产率的差别,最终达到基本均衡状态,才能消除二元经济社会结枸。     

胜利褐煤二硫化碳-丙酮萃取物的超临界醇解物的GC/MS分析

胜利褐煤经CS2-丙酮混合溶剂(V/V=1 1)萃取获得萃取物EM,EM在300℃的甲醇中热溶2 h获得热溶物ET.对EM和ET进行了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析,在EM中有43种GC/MS可检测组分,而在ET中检测到了132种有机化合物,其中包括32种在EM中未检测到的甲酯类化合物(MAs)和16种酚类化合物.分析了MAs和酚类化合物的形成机理,得出了胜利褐煤CS2-丙酮可溶大分子化合物中可能存在的4种结构单元.本文提供了一种研究煤中可溶大分子化合物的有效方法,弥补了GC/MS在检测大分子化合物时的不足.