Use of dairy proteins in lean poultry meat batters – a comparative study

The use of dry whole milk, skimmed milk, caseinate, regular and modified whey, at 2% level (w/w) and with 2% additional protein level was studied in a chicken breast meat system with 51% water addition. At the 2% (w/w) level, all dairy proteins significantly reduced cooking loss compared with the control, with caseinate showing the best results. When compared on an equal protein level (2% total protein), the best performing ingredients were the whole milk and modified whey. A similar observation was made in their effect on the products’ hardness and fracturability. A cost analysis revealed that modified whey provided the most economical ingredient even when used in quantities three times greater than that of as caseinate. Microscopy results showed the formation of larger fine‐protein‐matrix regions in the treatments that provided higher fracturability values.     

Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities in different edible tissues of citrus fruit of four species

Different edible tissues of citrus fruit, namely juice sacs (JS), segment membrane (SM), and segment (Seg), of four species, were examined for contents of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacities (TAC) by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Two flavanones (naringin and hesperidin) were identified by HPLC; hesperidin accounted for 18.5–38.5% of the total phenolics in the species Citrus unshiu, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus sinensis, while naringin was only found in Citrus changshanensis and it accounted for 53.7% of the total phenolics in SM of this species. In SM of all selected species, the contents of phenolic compounds and TAC were significantly higher than those in JS and Seg. Highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, naringin, and TAC were found in SM of C. changshanensis, while the highest carotenoid content was found in JS of C. reticulata. The contribution of vitamin C to TAC ranged from 26.9% to 45.9% in JS and Seg of all selected species. In SM, however, a high contribution from hesperidin was observed in C. unshiu (54.0%), C. sinensis (46.7%) and C. reticulata (30.0%). The results indicated that SM of citrus fruit were high in contents of bioactive compounds and TAC; it is thus recommended to consume citrus fruit with all edible tissues rather than juice or JS alone.     

Modelling of cooking-cooling processes for meat and poultry products

Traditional cooking‐cooling of processed meat and poultry products is industrially carried out in smokehouses or autoclaves. A mathematical model was developed to simulate these operations. Equations, describing heat transfer and thermal destruction of micro‐organisms and quality characteristics, were solved numerically. The model was validated experimentally for heat transfer and energy consumption and was used to perform a sensitivity analysis. Input variables were: process time (PT), smokehouse temperature (T_SH), bologna size (diameter, D and height, H), surface heat transfer coefficients (h_heat and h_cool), product thermal diffusivity (α_heat and α_cool). Output variables were: product core temperature (T_c), core and volume‐average lethality (P_cm and P_vm) and cook (C_c and C_v) values as well as surface (Q_s) and volume‐average (Q_v) quality retention, total specific energy consumption (En) and energy efficiency (Ce). Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict C_c and C_v from five inputs and used to obtain acceptable deviation ranges.     

高光谱图像在农畜产品品质与安全性检测中的研究现状与展望

阐述了农畜产品品质与安全性无损检测中高光谱图像的获取方法，介绍了高光谱图像应用于农畜产品品质与安全性无损检测的现状；并时高光谱图像的应用前景进行了展望。     

我国畜禽骨骼及其蛋白质资源综合利用进展

畜禽骨骼是一种营养十分丰富的天然资源,尤其是其具有较高吸收率和生物学效价的骨蛋白质资源。我国的畜禽骨骼资源丰富,但目前对于畜禽骨骼的开发利用局限性较大,本文对国内外的骨骼开发利用状况进行阐述,重点对畜禽骨骼蛋白质利用价值以及其综合利用进行综述。对我国畜禽骨骼的蛋白质开发既能实现其资源化利用,又能提高我国蛋白质来源,具有经济效益和社会效益。     

氨吹脱-A2/O工艺处理高浓度养殖废水

介绍了氨吹脱-A2/O工艺处理高浓度养殖废水的工程实例.运行结果表明,CODCr的平均去除率为97.4%,NH3-N去除率为91.9%,出水的各项指标均符合<畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准>.该工艺具有剩余污泥少,耐冲击负荷能力强,难降解有机物去除效率高等优点.     

A numerical study on nonlinear DPL model for analyzing heat transfer in tissue during thermal therapy

In the present paper, therapeutic treatment of infected tumorous cells has been studied through mathematical modeling and simulation of heat transfer in tissues by using a nonlinear dual-phase lag bioheat transfer model with Dirichlet boundary condition. The components of volumetric heat source in this model such as blood perfusion and metabolism are assumed experimentally validated temperature-dependent function, which gives more accurate temperature distribution in tissues through this model. We have used the finite difference and RK (4, 5) techniques of numerical methods to solve the proposed problem and obtained the exact solution in a particular case. After comparison, we got a good agreement between them. We have used dimensionless quantities throughout this paper. The effect of relaxation and thermalization time with respect to dimensionless temperature distribution has been analyzed in the treatment process.     

Effect of processing on the microbiological quality and safety of chicken carcasses at slaughterhouse

Microbiological contamination of chicken meat depends on the conditions under which the animals are reared, slaughtered and processed. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of farm origin and processing stages at slaughterhouse on the microbial safety and quality of chicken. Samples of chicken carcasses from three different farms were taken from a slaughterhouse. Mesophiles, Escherichia coli, coagulase positive Staphylococcci counts, presence of Listeria monocytogenes,Campylobacter and Salmonella were determined at five sampling points: after defeathering, after evisceration, after washing, after chilling and after cutting. Chilling reduced log numbers of mesophiles, coagulase positive Staphylococci and E. coli by 0.85, 1.52 and 2.2 log units, respectively. Salmonella was not detected after chilling. High prevalence of Campylobacter spp was observed at all the stages ranging between 84% and 100%. L. monocytogenes was not detected in chicken carcasses after defeathering. However, it was detected after evisceration and after washing and chilling. The most critical stage for L. monocytogenes contamination was the portioning operation, the prevalence in breast and legs being 88% and 84%, respectively.     

移栽期对烤烟化学成分及成熟烟叶组织结构的影响

研究了移栽期对烤烟常规化学成分,致香物质,石油醚提取物及成熟烟叶组织结构的影响。结果表明:不同移栽期对还原糖、总糖、总氮影响较小,对烟碱与致香性物质的影响较大;各处理之间石油醚提取物含量依次为:T3>T4>T2>T1>T5>T6。成熟烟叶组织中栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度均呈先下降后趋于平缓的趋势,上、下表皮细胞厚度的差异不显著。