Evaluation of potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible products from livestock fed ration supplemented with Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth

ABSTRACT

Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring blend of diatomaceous earth and calcium bentonite that can be used as an anti-caking agent in animal feed and contains naturally occurring dioxins. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to assess potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible tissues from livestock exposed to dioxins via feed containing Red Lake DE. Empirical data characterising the transfer of dioxins to eggs and other tissues in chickens demonstrate that resulting concentrations in eggs are lower than those found in the general food supply. These data also provided product-specific input for a risk assessment conducted both with default parameters and with media-specific input from the feed study. Results demonstrate that exposure to dioxins in edible tissue from livestock that consumed Red Lake DE in feed would not be associated with an increased risk to humans. Findings from this assessment highlight the utility and importance of accounting for bioavailability as part of health-based risk assessment and provide information critical to risk managers in determining the safe use of Red Lake DE as an anticaking agent in livestock and pet feed.     

仿刺参卵和体壁多肽的制备及免疫活性

以仿刺参卵和体壁为原料制备多肽,测定其基本营养成分和分子质量分布,并研究其对淋巴细胞增殖作用和小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用生物酶解技术和切向流超滤技术分离和制备仿刺参卵和体壁多肽,磺酰罗丹明B比色分析法测定了多肽质量浓度（10、50、100、500 μg/mL）对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖（spleen lymphocyte proliferation,SLP）能力的影响,设定水对照组和多肽低、中、高（日剂量83.3、166.7、500.0 mg/kg）剂量组进行30 d小鼠灌胃实验,检测了小鼠脏器/体质量、迟发型变态反应能力、伴刀豆球蛋白A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、抗体生成细胞数、小鼠血清溶血素水平、小鼠碳廓清能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力及自然杀伤细胞活力等指标。结果表明,仿刺参卵和体壁1～10 kDa多肽（EP1和BWP1）在500 μg/mL时均对SLP具有显著的促进作用,其粗蛋白含量分别为64.74、70.25 g/100 g,氨基酸总量分别为45.69、63.26 g/100 g,分子质量分别分布在130～1 600 Da及130～2 500 Da之间。经口服灌胃给予小鼠不同剂量的多肽30 d,EP1可提高小鼠的细胞免疫功能和单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,BWP1可提高小鼠的体液免疫功能和单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果提示EP1和BWP1均具有增强免疫力的功能,可开发为新的免疫调节产品。     

鸡蛋中药物残留加工因子与监测结果分析

目的分析鸡蛋中药物残留膳食暴露加工因子的确定与监测样品结果。方法按监测计划采集样品并制备模拟样品,应用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定15种药物残留含量,并计算加工因子与去除率。结果120份样品检出氧氟沙星5份(2.5～65.8μg/kg),环丙沙星1份(2.4μg/kg)。煮蛋器15 min加工因子为0.10～0.87,微波加热(60s)加工因子为0.10～0.92。结论加工处理过程能显著降低食物中药物残留量,降低人群膳食暴露风险,蒸蛋器加热与微波烹调2种加工处理方式相比较,微波烹调过程对药物残留的去除作用小。监测结果分析表明,在不同地区、不同品种和不同参数间的药物残留检出率无统计学差异。     

不同品种鲜蛋品质差异分析

目的探究褐壳蛋、粉壳蛋和白壳蛋3种类型鸡蛋的品质差异以及对于蛋粉加工的潜在影响。方法选用京红1号、京粉1号和京白1号所产的褐壳蛋、粉壳蛋和白壳蛋作为试验对象,对37周龄和51周龄蛋鸡所产3种类型鸡蛋的蛋品质进行分析比较。结果 37周龄和51周龄的白壳蛋蛋壳厚度、蛋壳比例和蛋壳强度均显著低于其他2个类型鸡蛋(P0.05);37周龄时3种类型鸡蛋的蛋黄水分含量没有显著性差异(P0.05);白壳蛋蛋清水分含量以及总水分含量均较其他2个类型鸡蛋要低。37周龄时褐壳蛋的蛋黄蛋白质和脂肪含量均显著高于其他2个品种,白壳蛋次之,粉壳蛋最低。37周龄时白壳蛋的蛋清蛋白质含量显著低于其他2个品种。由于蛋清中脂肪含量极少,本试验不予考虑。结论褐壳蛋加工成蛋粉后具有更好的营养价值,而白壳蛋可以提高蛋粉加工的产量。     

真空干燥对野生软枣猕猴桃果脯感官品质的影响

为探索真空干燥对长白山野生软枣猕猴桃果脯感官品质的影响,在单因素试验的基础上采用二次正交旋转组合试验,构建了以平均干燥速率、形变率和褐变率为响应指标的二次回归模型。最佳真空干燥工艺参数为真空干燥温度50.0 ℃,真空度0.090 MPa,真空干燥时间8.0 h,在此条件下果脯的平均干燥速率、形变率和褐变率分别为3.92 g/（100 g·min）、10.47%和25.42%。     

高效液相色谱法测定话梅中阿力甜的不确定度评定

目的评定高效液相色谱法测定话梅中阿力甜的不确定度。方法根据GB5009.263-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中阿斯巴甜和阿力甜的测定》测定话梅中的阿力甜含量,按照JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》、CNAS-GL 05:2011《测量不确定度要求的实施指南》及CNAS-GL 06:2018《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》,建立相关测量模型,对不确定度来源进行分析,对分析得出的不确定度分量进行逐个量化,最终进行测定结果的不确定度评定。结果在99%置信区间下,k=2.576,话梅中阿力甜的含量为(0.0823±0.0059)g/kg。结论阿力甜标准溶液配制引入的不确定度和最小二乘法拟合标准曲线求试样含量引入的不确定度是最主要的不确定度来源。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定平湖糟蛋中锌含量

目的建立利用微波消解样品,火焰原子吸收法测定平湖糟蛋中锌含量的检测方法。方法加入8 mL HNO3+2 mL H2O2组成的消化液,采用多阶段程序升温,最后微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定。结果测得平湖糟蛋中锌含量范围18.10~24.76 mg/kg,锌的回收率96.45%～103.27%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为2.07%。结论本方法操作简便、污染少、回收率高,测定结果准确可靠。     

紫外-可见分光光度法快速检测蛋黄中苏丹红Ⅳ的研究

采用紫外一可见分光光度计对新鲜鸭蛋蛋黄的石油醚一丙酮的提取液进行光谱扫描,建立了纯蛋黄液、标准苏丹红Ⅳ样品以及含有苏丹红Ⅳ的蛋黄液的光谱扫描曲线.通过对光谱扫描曲线的相似度比较及对光谱扫描原始曲线图的数学处理,分别运用波长差和一级微分两种方法,快速检测出新鲜鸭蛋黄中苏丹红Ⅳ.实验结果表明.波长差法的回收率高于一次微分法,而且数值分布相对集中,在对被检测样品中的苏丹红Ⅳ的定量上的精确性和稳定性优于一次微分法,而一次微分法则可直观对苏丹红Ⅳ定性.运用波长差法计算样品RSD(%),得备检样品加标苏丹红Ⅳ 2μg/mL的RSD(%)为14.2,平均回收率为106.01%,加标4μg/mL的RSD(%)为9.4,平均回收率为105.68%;运用一次微分法进行计算,得备检样品加标苏丹红Ⅳ 2μg/mL的RSD(%)为10.41,平均回收率为82.46%,加标4μg/mL的RSD(%)为6.73,平均回收率为94.21%.数据表明样品中加标苏丹红Ⅳ浓度越大.该方法对样品检测的稳定性越好.     

新型果味胡萝卜脯的研制

探讨了果味胡萝卜脯的加工工艺,确定了最佳的工艺流程,并对产品的口感、外观等问题进行了研究。试验是以优质新鲜胡萝卜为原料,白砂糖、果汁和水果香精、蛋白糖等为辅料而制成的一种色、香、味俱全,口感良好、外形美观、营养丰富的新型果脯。     

Effect of bilayer coating composed of polyvinyl alcohol,chitosan, and sodium alginate on salted duck eggs

The composite bilayer film based on polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and chitosan were developed in this study, and the effects of the related coating on internal-quality changes of salted duck eggs (SDEs) during storage were determined. The results showed that the overall properties of the bilayer film were better than those of monolayer films, including storage stability. Coatings could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce quality deterioration of SDEs such as water loss, oil exudation, and gritty. The bilayer coating was more effective in inhibiting the increase of egg yolk pH and total bacterial counts than monolayer coatings. After storage for 60 days, water content of bilayer coated SEDs was 19.7% higher than that of the control SDEs, oil exudation was 38% higher, and gritty texture was 27.9% higher. Moreover, bilayer coating could prolong the shelf life of SDEs to more than 60 days at 25°C and 50% relative humidity according to the results of total bacterial count experiment, while the shelf life of control SDEs was less than 45 days. This study indicated the potential application of bilayer composite coating for preservation of SDEs.