新型软包装即食虾干的开发研究

以南美白对虾为原料,进行了新型软包装即食虾干的研究。结果表明:低温腌制可有效地抑制微生物的生长繁殖,最佳腌制温度5℃,腌制时间24h;干燥温度和时间对制品的色泽、质地和风味影响较大,最佳烘干温度55℃,干燥时间3.5h;采用高温高压杀菌处理可长时间保藏。在此条件下开发的软包装即食对虾,风味独特,鲜香可口,并具有良好咀嚼性,常温下贮存达9个月。     

松花鸡腿的制作工艺

松花鸡腿是以松花蛋和鸡肉为主要原料,借鉴灌制品的加工工艺和配方对传统制作方法进行改进,经过绞制、斩拌、煮制、烟熏、包装、杀菌等工艺制成的新产品。加工后的制品切片平整不散,色香味俱全,并且具有较高的营养价值。此方法解决了传统松花鸡腿制品在切片时一切就散的问题,为应用现代化技术制作松花鸡腿提供了新的方法依据。     

盐渍萝卜色差值测定及其提取物抑菌活性研究

利用色差计对不同腌制时间盐渍萝卜的颜色值进行了测定,并以不同盐渍萝卜与白萝卜各颜色值之差的变化作为腌制时间依据,以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌为指示菌,使用牛津杯法对不同腌制时间盐渍萝卜的乙酸乙酯和丙酮提取物进行了抑菌实验。结果表明,盐渍萝卜的总色差值△E＊随腌制时间延长整体呈上升趋势,多数盐渍萝卜的两种提取物对3种指示菌均有较好的抑制作用。其中,丙酮较乙酸乙酯所得提取物表现出更好的抑菌效果;乙酸乙酯提取物对细菌的抑菌效果随腌制时间变化明显;丙酮提取物对酿酒酵母的抑菌效果多数好于0.5mg/mL两性霉素B的阳性对照组。这表明,盐渍萝卜的乙酸乙酯和丙酮提取物有很好的体外抗菌潜力。     

凉果中优势腐败霉菌的分离鉴定

凉果加工与贮藏中霉菌污染直接影响凉果的品质。为明确凉果贮藏中优势腐败霉菌的种类,该研究对在常温贮存4个月后霉变的葡萄干、话梅、杏脯中腐败霉菌进行了分离纯化,得到7种典型腐败霉菌。将分离出的腐败霉菌回接至无菌的葡萄干、话梅、杏脯表面,进行回接侵染实验,通过凉果霉变时间确定出4株菌株为优势腐败霉菌。通过菌落形态特征、菌丝和分生孢子显微结构观察,结合核糖体内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）序列分析,构建系统发育,鉴定优势霉菌种属。结果表明：葡萄干的优势霉菌为芽枝状枝孢霉（Cladosporium velox）和暗黄青霉（Penicillium citreonigrum）,话梅的优势腐败菌为细极链格孢（Alternaria tenuissima）,杏脯的优势腐败霉菌为菌核青霉（Penicillium sclerotiorum）。该研究结果可为凉果腐败霉菌的分离鉴定提供可靠的方法,也可为后续凉果杀菌方法的选择,贮藏条件的优化提供依据。     

Change in α‐tocopherol contents,lipid oxidation and fatty acid profile in eggs enriched with linolenic acid or very long‐chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after different processing methods

The influences of dietary supplementation with α‐tocopheryl acetate (α‐TA) and of processing (by hard‐boiling and scrambling) of eggs enriched with ω3 fatty acids, either very long‐chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC ω3 PUFAs) or linolenic acid (LNA), on fatty acid composition, α‐tocopherol content and lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values) were studied. Four dietary treatments were formulated from a basal diet containing 40 g kg^?1 linseed oil (LO) or fish oil (FO) combined with either 0 or 100 mg α‐TA kg^?1 of feed. Eggs from LO treatments were enriched with LNA and those from FO treatments were rich in VLC ω3 PUFAs. Neither processing nor dietary supplementation with α‐TA modified greatly the fatty acid profile of eggs. Dietary supplementation with α‐TA increased the α‐tocopherol content of eggs (187.2 versus 407.9 µg g^?1 dry matter). Eggs from FO treatments showed lower α‐tocopherol content than those from LO treatments (273.5 versus 321.6 µg g^?1 dry matter), and processing of eggs enriched with VLC ω3 PUFA reduced the α‐tocopherol content by a significant 16%. Moreover, processing of eggs increased lipid oxidation two‐ to nine‐fold. Oxidation levels of hard‐boiled eggs were 30.4% higher than those of scrambled eggs. TBA values in hard‐boiled and scrambled eggs were significantly reduced when 100 mg α‐TA kg^?1 of feed supplemented the diet only in those eggs enriched with VLC ω3 PUFA (from FO treatments). Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

说中国腐乳

介绍了中国豆腐及腐乳的起源、历史、现状及发展方向，重点对腐乳作了介绍，包括腐乳的多种制法及各地特色腐乳的生产工艺。     

我国腐乳的生产概况

本文从我国腐乳生产的类型、特点、生产用菌等方面概述了我国腐乳的生产现状，指出其存在的问题及改进的途径。     

Traceback Investigation for Salmonella Contamination at Egg Processing Plants in South Korea: Prevalence,Antibiotic Resistance,and Epidemiological Tracing by Rep‐PCR Fingerprinting

We conducted a survey of Salmonella from 8 egg‐breaking plants and a farm to determine the prevalence and the source of the bacteria. The contents of 2400 shell eggs (20 eggs per pool), 75 pasteurized liquid egg products, and 120 unpasteurized liquid egg products from 8 egg‐breaking plants in South Korea were examined. In liquid egg samples, 4 Salmonella‐positive samples from 120 unpasteurized ones (3.3%) and 5 positive samples from 75 pasteurized ones (6.7%) were identified; no eggs were positive for Salmonella among shell egg samples. To trace the source of Salmonella, we revisited the 2 Salmonella‐positive plants (plants A and C). We investigated the equipment and environments of the plants and a henhouse (farm A) that supplied shell eggs to plant A, and collected additional liquid eggs and shell eggs from plants A and C. All Salmonella isolates from plant A and the associated farm A, except for a single Typhimurium strain from farm A, were serotyped as Bareilly. Three serovars, including one Bareilly, four Tennessee, and one Richmond, were isolated from plant C. Most Salmonella isolates were susceptible to tested antibiotics. To identify differences between isolates, molecular subtyping by using the automated rep‐PCR system was conducted. All Salmonella Bareilly (S. Bareilly) strains from plant A exhibited high similarity, indicating possible contamination by Salmonella strains from the henhouse A. Meanwhile, 2 S. Bareilly strains from plant C, one from liquid egg at the 1st visit and the other from container at the 2nd visit, exhibited identical antibiotic resistance and similar subtyping pattern, but clearly discriminated from the ones of plant A.     

2013年禽蛋市场形势分析与2014年展望

2013年,全国鸡蛋零售价格波动频繁,零售均价为9.89元/kg,与2012年同期相比大幅上涨4.1％;蛋鸡配合饲料价格同比大幅上涨,蛋鸡养殖效益低迷.展望2014年,全国鸡蛋零售价格总体将高于2013年,蛋鸡养殖总体处于盈利状态.