微波和臭氧处理对果脯的杀菌效果及品质变化分析

该研究探究了微波与臭氧处理对四种果脯优势霉菌芽枝状枝孢霉（Cladosporium velox）、暗黄青霉（Penicillium citreonigrum）、菌核青霉（Penicillium sclerotiorum）、细极链格孢（Alternariate nuissima）的抑菌效果及果脯理化品质的影响。结果表明,微波与臭氧处理均可显著抑制霉菌生长,抑菌率随微波功率,微波时间,臭氧通入时间增加而增大。当微波功率为630 W,微波时间为20 s时,四种霉菌抑菌率最高均达到100%。当通入臭氧10 min时,抑菌效果最佳,芽枝状枝孢霉、暗黄青霉、菌核青霉、细极链格孢的抑菌率分别达到73.17%、80.87%、83.33%、91.02%。微波和臭氧处理均对果脯理化品质具有一定影响,随着随微波功率,微波时间,臭氧通入时间增加,果脯水分含量、水分活度、总糖含量和色差值均呈下降趋势。研究结果为微波和臭氧技术在果脯杀菌中的应用提供了理论支撑和参考依据。     

基于可见-近红外高光谱技术对鸡种蛋性别鉴定的研究

目的 为实现鸡种蛋胚胎性别的无损检测,提出了基于可见-近红外高光谱检测海兰褐鸡种蛋胚胎性别的方法。方法 通过分析种蛋0~14 d大头部位的400~1000 nm波段下的光谱,建立基于偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）和支持向量机（SVM）的种蛋性别判别模型,比较不同孵育天数下的模型判别率,优选出最佳的检测天数;通过分析四种不同的预处理算法,选出最佳的鸡种蛋胚胎高光谱预处理方法,最后构建基于全波段和特征波段光谱信息的判别模型,并对结果进行比较。结果 基于PLS-DA和SVM的模型在第9 d的预测集结果达到最高,分别为80%和82.5%。主成分分析（PCA）结果表明,雄雌种蛋光谱信息可以进行区分;变量标准化（SNV）为最佳预处理方法;全波段相对于连续投影算法（SPA）、竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）选择特征波长的模型更优,建模集、预测集准确率分别为90%和85%。结论 研究结果表明可见-近红外高光谱技术可以快速、较准确、无损检测海兰褐种蛋胚胎性别,该技术为褐壳种蛋胚胎性别鉴定实现在线检测提供了一定的理论基础。     

Pilot survey of hen eggs consumed in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil, for polyether ionophores,macrolides and lincosamides residues

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method, which has recently been developed and validated, was used for the identification and quantification of polyether ionophore, macrolide and lincosamide residues in commercial eggs sold in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The method was applied to 100 samples and the results showed a high incidence of polyether ionophore residues (25%). Salinomycin was detected in 21% of samples, but only two non-compliant results (5.3 and 53 µg?kg^?1) were found if maximum limits (tolerances) established by European Union were adopted in Brazil and if a method decision limit (CCα) of 3.4?µg?kg^?1 was considered. In 8% of analyzed samples, more than one studied coccidiostat was found. The lincosamide, lincomycin, and the macrolide, tylosin, were detected at trace levels in 4 and 1% of the samples, respectively. Lasalocid, clarithromycin and erythromycin were not found.     

Comparison of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in Turkish foodstuffs: industrial versus rural,local versus supermarket products,and assessment of dietary intake

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like (indicator) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored in various foodstuffs of animal origin and edible oil samples obtained from two different cities in Turkey both rural and industrial. Total dioxin+dioxin-like PCBs and indicator PCB concentrations of pooled samples ranged 0.20–4.19 pg World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalency (WHO-TEQ)₍₁₉₉₈₎/g fat and 57.2–1710 pg/g fat, respectively. The dominant congeners were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDD and PCB126. Dietary intake of dioxin+dioxin-like PCBs and indicator PCBs from fish, dairy products, edible oil, egg and meat was 0.509 pg WHO-TEQ₁₉₉₈/kg bw (body weight)/day and 839 pg/kg bw/day in Afyon and 0.588 pg WHO-TEQ₁₉₉₈/ kg bw/day and 1070 pg/kg bw/day in Kocaeli, respectively. The major contributors to total exposure were dairy products and fish. Despite the unexplained high contamination level in an individual egg sample from Kocaeli, average concentration levels in Turkey, even in industrialized regions, were low compared to reported concentrations in Western Europe. Exposure levels were well below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 pg WHO-TEQ₁₉₉₈/kg body weight.     

Physical properties of egg whites and whole eggs relevant to microwave pasteurization

Microwave pasteurization is a novel thermal processing technology in which non-uniform heating may be a major challenge. In this study, the suitability of using egg whites (EWs) and whole eggs (WEs) as model foods to evaluate the heating uniformity and to determine the cold and hot spots during microwave pasteurization was investigated. The samples were prepared from mixtures of water with commercial EW or WE powders at different solid concentrations (20%, 25%, 27.5%, and 30%) and salt contents (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM). Critical physical properties for desirable model food systems include appropriate dielectric properties, gelation temperatures, gel strengths, and water holding capacities (WHCs). The gelation temperature of liquid EW and WE were 70 and 80 °C; both fell in the pasteurization temperature range. At 915 MHz, the dielectric constants of liquid EW and WE samples and their heat induced gels decreased with solid concentration while the loss factor was not affected. Loss factors of liquid EW and WE samples increased linearly with salt addition, which could be explained by the linear increase of electrical conductivities by adding salt. The strength and WHC of heat induced EW and WE gels increased linearly with solid concentration, while salt addition had no significant effect. The results demonstrated the suitability of using EW and WE as model foods to determine the heating uniformity during microwave pasteurization process.     

榨菜盐脱水腌制生产工艺

探讨了以新鲜大头莱为原料，生产榨菜的加工工艺。对原料配方、生产工艺流程、原材料处理、生产过程中的操作要点，及质量标准等问题进行了详细论述。     

常压、真空和脉冲真空渗透脱水加工芒果脯

在24℃下,以60%蔗糖水溶液作为渗透溶液,在常压、真空和脉冲真空(压力为510 mmHg)条件下对芒果进行渗透脱水,然后置于热风干燥箱中70℃干燥制成芒果脯,测定芒果脯的硬度、颜色、含水量、复水率.通过感官评定及统计分析得出,真空和脉冲真空渗透脱水制成的芒果脯品质明显优于常压渗透脱水制成的芒果脯.     

射血分数保留心力衰竭患者血清半乳糖凝集素-3水平变化及意义

【】 目的 探讨射血分数保留心力衰竭(HFPEF)患者血清半乳糖凝集素-3(gal-3)水平的变化及其与心功能的相关性,为HFPEF的早期诊断及优化治疗提供理论依据。方法 选取2014年5月至2015年4月于我院心内科诊断为HFPEF的患者118例作为HFPEF组,按照美国纽约心脏病协会心功能分级标准分为：心功能Ⅱ级组,40例;心功能Ⅲ级组,49例;心功能Ⅳ级组,29例。同时取40例健康者为对照组。测量各组患者血清gal-3、B型利钠肽(BNP)、肿瘤坏死因子a(TNF-a)水平及左房容积指数(LAVI),并进行比较、分析。结果 HFPEF组患者血清gal-3及LAVI明显高于对照组,且随患者心衰程度的加重,血清gal-3水平及LAVI逐渐升高,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);HFPEF患者血清gal-3水平与LAVI水平呈正相关(r=0.742,P＜0.01)。结论 HFPEF患者血清gal-3水平升高,是诊断HFPEF的一个重要生物标志物,可用于临床HFPEF的诊断。