快速无铅五香皮蛋的研制

以优质鸡蛋为原料,经无铅加五香料的适宜碱度的料夜浸泡,以保鲜膜包装后,在适宜条件下后熟,快速生产具有美观色泽、独特的风味、营养丰富的溏心鸡皮蛋。     

Evaluation of potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible products from livestock fed ration supplemented with Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth

ABSTRACT

Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring blend of diatomaceous earth and calcium bentonite that can be used as an anti-caking agent in animal feed and contains naturally occurring dioxins. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to assess potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible tissues from livestock exposed to dioxins via feed containing Red Lake DE. Empirical data characterising the transfer of dioxins to eggs and other tissues in chickens demonstrate that resulting concentrations in eggs are lower than those found in the general food supply. These data also provided product-specific input for a risk assessment conducted both with default parameters and with media-specific input from the feed study. Results demonstrate that exposure to dioxins in edible tissue from livestock that consumed Red Lake DE in feed would not be associated with an increased risk to humans. Findings from this assessment highlight the utility and importance of accounting for bioavailability as part of health-based risk assessment and provide information critical to risk managers in determining the safe use of Red Lake DE as an anticaking agent in livestock and pet feed.     

Comparison of Shelf Life of Eggs Coated with Chitosans Prepared under Various Deproteinization and Demineralization Times

Internal quality of eggs coated with chitosans prepared under various deproteinization (DP at 0, 5, 15 min) and demineralization (DM at 0, 10, 20, 30 min) times was evaluated. Chitosans prepared under DP 0 min/DM 30 min, DP 5 min/DM 30 min, and/or DP 15 min/DM 20 min conditions can be effectively used as an egg‐coating material in preserving the internal quality of eggs compared with chitosan prepared under the DP 15 min/DM 30 min condition. The Haugh unit and yolk index values suggested that the chitosan‐coated eggs can be preserved for at least 2 wk longer than the control noncoated eggs during 5 wk of storage at 25°C.     

微波-热风联合干燥在芒果果脯加工中的应用

以水仙芒为原料,探索芒果果脯加工的新干燥方法,并进一步研究微波-热风联合干燥芒果果脯的工艺条件。分别研究微波功率、转换点含水率以及热风温度3个因素对芒果果脯感官评价的影响,然后采用三因素三水平Box-Behnken设计对芒果果脯的干燥工艺进行优化改良。结果表明,微波与热风联合干燥芒果果脯的最优干燥工艺条件参数为:微波功率395 W、转换点含水率64%、热风温度55℃。     

鸡蛋喷码油墨成分的测定及膳食安全分析

目的测定市场上所售喷码鸡蛋所用喷码油墨的主要成分,为食品安全监管提供数据支撑。方法采用高效液相色谱仪(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)、超高效液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间串联质谱仪(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS-IT-TOF)和气相色谱仪(gas chromatography,GC)对鸡蛋喷码油墨的着色剂和溶剂进行成分分析;采用原子吸收仪(atomic absorption spectrometer,AAS)和原子荧光仪(atomic fluorescence spectrometer,AFS)对油墨中可溶性元素进行定性定量分析。结果市场上所售喷码鸡蛋所用喷码油墨的着色剂大部分为GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》规定中允许使用的"赤藓红"和"亮蓝",溶剂为允许使用的助剂丙酮和乙醇,但个别企业采用的喷码油墨为食品中禁止使用的工业染料"溶剂红49"。当喷码油墨着色剂为食品级"赤藓红"时,生鸡蛋及蒸煮鸡蛋的蛋白和蛋黄里均无喷码用着色剂,蛋壳表面着色剂含量为0.2~2.0 mg/kg,远低于其在食品中允许使用的最大限量值;当喷码油墨着色剂为"溶剂红49"时,鸡蛋的可食用部分均未检出"溶剂红49",但鸡蛋壳、煮鸡蛋的水、与鸡蛋同蒸的馒头中,均检出不同含量的"溶剂红49"。结论市场上所售大多数喷码鸡蛋所用油墨不会给人体健康带来安全风险,但个别企业采用的喷码油墨为食品国家标准禁止使用的工业染料,虽单个鸡蛋表面油墨含量较少,但食用采用这种喷码油墨的鸡蛋可能会危害人体健康,建议相关管理部门加强监管,从源头上避免该现象的发生,保障消费者的食品安全。     

仿刺参卵和体壁多肽的制备及免疫活性

以仿刺参卵和体壁为原料制备多肽,测定其基本营养成分和分子质量分布,并研究其对淋巴细胞增殖作用和小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用生物酶解技术和切向流超滤技术分离和制备仿刺参卵和体壁多肽,磺酰罗丹明B比色分析法测定了多肽质量浓度（10、50、100、500 μg/mL）对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖（spleen lymphocyte proliferation,SLP）能力的影响,设定水对照组和多肽低、中、高（日剂量83.3、166.7、500.0 mg/kg）剂量组进行30 d小鼠灌胃实验,检测了小鼠脏器/体质量、迟发型变态反应能力、伴刀豆球蛋白A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、抗体生成细胞数、小鼠血清溶血素水平、小鼠碳廓清能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力及自然杀伤细胞活力等指标。结果表明,仿刺参卵和体壁1～10 kDa多肽（EP1和BWP1）在500 μg/mL时均对SLP具有显著的促进作用,其粗蛋白含量分别为64.74、70.25 g/100 g,氨基酸总量分别为45.69、63.26 g/100 g,分子质量分别分布在130～1 600 Da及130～2 500 Da之间。经口服灌胃给予小鼠不同剂量的多肽30 d,EP1可提高小鼠的细胞免疫功能和单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,BWP1可提高小鼠的体液免疫功能和单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果提示EP1和BWP1均具有增强免疫力的功能,可开发为新的免疫调节产品。     

神府矿区采煤对地下水循环的影响——以窟野河中下游流域为例

以窟野河中下游地区为例,通过野外调查和水化学特征分析,总结了神府矿区地下水循环模式：第四系潜水和侏罗系烧变岩潜水主要受地形控制;延安组碎屑岩含水层分5个含水层段,主要受地层倾向控制,沿河道相由东向西流动。进而提出了采煤对地下水影响机制：浅部煤层开采破坏了潜水含水层之下黏土层的隔水性,含水盆地汇水面积减小,泉流量减小或干枯;同时采矿造成的人为“溯源侵蚀”袭夺了相邻水文地质单元的地下水,矿井水补给量增加,蒸发量减小;深部煤层开采进一步破坏黏土隔水层,导致潜水含水层消失,使得地表径流转换为地下径流,地下水完全依赖5-2号煤层底板径流。     

北京市城镇居民品牌鸡蛋消费的影响因素分析

在消费需求理论和消费行为理论的基础上,应用统计分析和计量分析方法,实证分析了影响北京市城镇居民品牌鸡蛋消费的主要因素。研究结果表明,居民品牌鸡蛋的消费量受到鸡蛋自身价格、收入、年龄、地域等因素的影响。     

Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil

Hempseed (HS) is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with approximately 17% of total fatty acids as alpha-linolenic acid. As such, HS and its oil may be used in hen diet formulations to produce eggs enriched in essential fatty acids. Because omega-3 eggs have the potential for unpleasant aromas and flavors, the current study was designed to assess the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of eggs procured from hens consuming diets containing hempseed oil (HO) or HS. A total of 48 individually caged White Bovan hens received 1 of 6 diets containing 4%, 8%, 12% HO, 10%, 20% HS or 0% hemp (w/w) for 12 wk. Total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the 12% HO group (15.3 mg/g of yolk) compared to the control (2.4 mg/g of yolk). Trained panellists (n= 8) found no significant differences (P≥ 0.05) in aroma or flavor between cooked eggs from different dietary treatments, with the exception of sweet flavor. The 4% HO group yielded the least sweet eggs compared to the 20% HS group, which was highest. For yolk color, L*, a*, and b* values (Mean ± SEM) for control eggs were 61.2 ± 0.10, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 43.0 ± 0.22, respectively. Addition of hemp led to significant (P < 0.001) reductions in L*, and significant increases in a* and b*, with the largest changes observed in the 20% HS treatment (L*= 58.7 ± 0.10; a*= 5.8 ± 0.05; b*= 60.5 ± 0.22). The results show that hemp use in hen diets leads to increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and color intensity of egg yolks, but does not have adverse effects on the sensory profiles of the cooked eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides evidence that HS and hempseed oil (HO) can safely be utilized as feed ingredients for laying hens to produce table eggs that are enriched in essential fatty acids. Additionally, the eggs procured from these hens had similar aroma and flavor compared to eggs from hens not fed any hemp. The greater the dietary hemp inclusion, the more pigmented the resulting yolks became in terms of darkness, redness, and yellowness.