SiCp/2024复合材料的氢脆敏感性研究

在浸泡、阴极极化、阴极极化同时迭加拉伸变形、添加As₂O₃毒化剂等常见致氢条件下,通过慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了SiC_p/2024复合材料的力学性能,考察了断口形貌.测定了该材料在按几种常用充氢条件充氢后的氢含量.发现虽然强烈阴极极化使材料力学性能下降,但其原因在于阴极极化引起的碱性腐蚀,与氢脆无关.获得了不同于前人研究的新结论:在本文试验条件下SiC_p/2024材料不发生氢脆,也不发生不可逆氢损伤,其原因与该材料难以充入氢有关.     

ERD facility for analysis of hydrogen and deuterium in solids

Hydrogen is the lightest element in nature, and so, its detection and quantitative analysis is difficult by the conventional methods utilized for other elements. In the recent years the technique of elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD) using 1–2 MeV He⁺ beam has been developed to quantitatively and simultaneously analyze hydrogen and its isotopes in solids. Such a facility has been set up using the 2 MeV Van-de-Graaff accelerator at IIT Kanpur. It facilitates H and D analysis in a material up to a depth of ∼ 1μm with a detection sensitivity of 0·1 at.% and depth resolution of about 300 ?. The application potential of this setup is illustrated by presenting the results of measurements performed on Al:H:D systems prepared by plasma source ion implantation and highT _c YBCO pellets exposed to humid atmosphere.     

Plasma immersion ion implantation for SOI synthesis: SIMOX and ion-cut

We have demonstrated feasibility to form silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) for both separation by implantation of oxygen and ion-cut. This high throughput technique can substantially lower the high cost of SOI substrates due to the simpler implanter design as well as ease of maintenance. For separation by plasma implantation of oxygen wafers, secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis and cross-sectional transmission electron micrographs show continuous buried oxide formation under a single-crystal silicon overlayer with sharp Si/SiO₂ interfaces after oxygen plasma implantation and high-temperature (1300°C) annealing. Ion-cut SOI wafer fabrication technique is implemented for the first time using PIII. The hydrogen plasma can be optimized so that only one ion species is dominant in concentration and there are minimal effects by other residual ions on the ion-cut process. The physical mechanism of hydrogen induced silicon surface layer cleavage has been investigated. An ideal gas law model of the microcavity internal pressure combined with a two-dimensional finite element fracture mechanics model is used to approximate the fracture driving force which is sufficient to overcome the silicon fracture resistance.     

Selective partial oxidation of light paraffins with hydrogen peroxide on thin-layer supported Nafion-H catalysts

Thin-layer carbon supported Nafion-H catalysts were found to be active and highly selective (S>98%) for the partial oxidation of C₁-C₃ alkanes, in a three phase catalytic membrane reactor (3PCMR), under mild conditions and in the presence of H₂O₂. The influences of the catalyst teflon loading and H₂O₂ concentration on the reaction rate have been evaluated. A reaction pathway, based on the electrophilic hydroxylation of the C-H bond of alkanes with protonated hydrogen peroxide (H₃O ₂ ⁺ ), is discussed.     

Hydrogen incorporation in Ni–P films prepared by electroless deposition

Electroless NiP films, with 12 to 16 wt % P, were deposited from a moderately acid solution. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates the presence of occluded hydrogen in the layers, which desorbs upon heating. The amount of incorporated hydrogen decreases when the pH of the solution or the nickel sulfate concentration is increased; by contrast it increases with hypophosphite concentration. Cyclic voltammetry, using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, confirms the existence of parasitic reactions, namely the reduction of protons of the solvent during the cathodic process and oxidation of hydrogen during the dissolution of the layers. This behaviour is in qualitative agreement with the proposed reaction scheme.     

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本文简要介绍了国外在开发超酸性气体过程中遇到的材料选择、腐蚀监测、水化物堵塞、超酸性气的处理和加工等问题所采取的措施和办法。     

死髓变色前牙的激光漂白治疗临床评价

本文的研究目的是探讨激光冠内漂白治疗死髓牙变色的治疗作用。材料与方法 :漂白基本操作同激光活髓牙变色的漂白操作程序。先将牙龈及口唇有效防护 ,将漂白药物放在唇舌两面并同时封入根冠内。结果 :所有牙齿的灰暗变色均有 3- 5级的色度提高。平均治疗次数为 3.4± 0 .75 ,脱色 85 %以上的占 89%。结论 :牙齿创伤和牙髓分解是冠内变色的常见原因 ,激光冠内漂白是治疗这种变色的有效手段 ,可以完全恢复患者的自信。     

过氧化氢爆炸事故浅析

通过两起过氧化氢(双氧水)爆炸事故，分析了过氧化氢由于本身具有较大的潜能，很不稳定，当受热、泄漏、撞击、摩擦时，易分解放热产生高温，造成火灾爆炸事故，对火灾爆炸反应过程与爆炸机理进行了探讨。     

Complete corrosion inhibition of lamellar zinc pigment in aqueous alkaline media

Lamellar zinc pigment reacts in aqueous alkaline media (e.g., water-borne paints) with the evolution of hydrogen. This corrosion reaction can be inhibited by 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzoic acid (HDNBA) and 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzoic acid (2-H-3-NBA) which all have a nitro-group ortho to a hydroxy-group; this structural part of the inhibitors can be considered as a potential chelating group which may explain the corrosion inhibiting effect. As a rule, with triethylamine (TEA) as neutralizing agent corrosion inhibition is slightly better when compared to dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). With TEA there is complete corrosion inhibition with addition of 2,4-DNP at pH 8 and 10; with 2-H-3-NBA there is complete inhibition at pH 10.     

对HIC试验中两种不同腐蚀介质酸碱度的探讨

HIC是腐蚀试验中常用的检测方法,用来测评材料在含硫化氢环境中对氢离子敏感性大小.其包含两种不同的腐蚀介质,不同的腐蚀介质中酸碱度是不一样的,腐蚀介质的酸碱度对试验结果有较大的影响,为此,运用电离平衡理论,计算并分析两种不同腐蚀介质电离平衡前后的氢离子浓度变化,得出动态反应平衡时氢离子浓度的关系式,从而获得介质中精确的氢离子浓度,并对腐蚀介质中相关离子进行了探讨,为进一步探究相关环境中的腐蚀机理提供了依据.