钙和褐变抑制剂对鲜切菠萝影响的初步研究

研究的目的是筛选对鲜切菠萝颜色和硬度有重要影响的因子。试验采用正交设计,使用浓度为0%和0.5%的异抗坏血酸钠、柠檬酸、六偏磷酸钠、EDTA和氯化钙溶液浸泡菠萝扇片3分钟,振干表面溶液后用聚苯乙烯塑料托盘装(每盘5片,每片约25g)并用PVC膜包扎密封,在10℃下贮藏7天;分别在处理后的第1天和第7天测定菠萝片的L*、a*、b*和硬度。结果表明,在α=0.05水平下,只有异抗坏血酸钠显著抑制L*、a*、b*值的变化;所有5种试剂对鲜切菠萝硬度的影响均不显著。     

辐照技术在猪肉加工制品中的应用

详细阐述了辐照技术对猪肉加工制品的感官和成品中的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等成分的影响.并对辐照技术在猪肉加工制品中,延长保存期和安全性等关键作用方面做了论述.用10kGy以下辐照剂量处理过的食品,其风味、色泽,内部的蛋白质、脂肪和维生素等基本保持稳定,同时可以有效地延长猪肉加工制品的保存期.     

Sweet processed foods in Brazil: use of sugar and sweeteners,inclusion of sugar claims and impact on nutritional profile

This study characterised the main sweet beverages and food products marketed in Brazil regarding (i) the addition of sugar/sweeteners, (ii) nutritional profile and (iii) sugar claims. Results revealed that most of the beverages had added sweeteners, while food products were mainly sweetened with sugar. Moreover, >90% of the powdered products had added sweeteners. ‘Zero sugar’ (46%) and ‘light’ (55%) were the most common sugar claims in sugar-free and reduced-sugar products, respectively. Powdered products, soya drinks and baked products included claims less frequently. Regarding the nutritional profile, beverages with sugar substitution had a proportionally greater reduction in the content of carbohydrates and calories (up to 99%, for both) in relation to food (<82% and <85%, respectively). The results suggest that reducing sugar in solid foods remains a greater challenge than in beverages and that this reduction has less impact on the final energy density of foods.     

果冻类样品中非法添加物质2种提取方法比较

目的比较常规加热法和粉碎离心法对果冻类样品中非法添加物质的提取效果。方法以常见的2种降糖类、4种减肥类和3种利尿类非法添加化学物质为研究对象制备基质加标阳性样,样品经加热和粉碎离心处理后采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪测定,外标法定量,以基质效应、回收率和精密度为指标考察2种方法的提取效率。结果加热处理下样品的回收率为31.27%~135.50%,精密度为0.75%~16.40%,经粉碎离心提取处理下的样品中的9种非法添加化学药物回收率为51.60%~116.90%,精密度为1.63%~10.70%,粉碎离心处理下样品的基质效应也低于加热处理。结论相较于加热提取法,粉碎离心提取法操作简便、结果稳定可靠、灵敏度高,可用于果冻类胶质样品的样品前处理。     

不同产地加工及炮制方法对鹿茸中胶原蛋白含量的影响

研究不同加工炮制方法对鹿茸中胶原蛋白含量的影响。采用氨基酸自动分析仪对不同加工炮制方法和不同部位鹿茸中构成胶原蛋白的4 种氨基酸羟脯氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸进行含量测定,进而转换成胶原蛋白的含量。通过比较不同加工炮制方法和不同部位鹿茸中胶原蛋白含量的差异,分析加工及炮制方法对鹿茸中胶原蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,冻干茸蜡片、粉片、纱片、骨片和整支中胶原蛋白质量分数分别为37.43%、30.01%、32.16%、40.81%和36.47%;煮炸茸相应部位胶原蛋白质量分数分别为31.40%、31.59%、35.69%、44.07%和39.44%;排血茸胶原蛋白质量分数分别为43.89%、39.04%、45.94%、46.23%和42.24%;带血茸胶原蛋白质量分数分别为37.84%、32.24%、35.11%、43.62%和37.64%;鹿茸粉胶原蛋白质量分数分别为25.51%、24.93%和26.12%,40%、50%和60%乙醇溶液润制的鹿茸片胶原蛋白质量分数分别为26.93%、28.89%和29.08%。煮炸茸中胶原蛋白含量高于冻干茸（蜡片除外）,排血茸中胶原蛋白含量高于带血茸;不同部位鹿茸之间表现出蜡片胶原蛋白含量较高,粉片、纱片和骨片中胶原蛋白含量依次递增的规律;不同炮制方法的鹿茸炮制品中,乙醇润制处理的鹿茸片中胶原蛋白含量高于直接粉碎的鹿茸粉,随着润制鹿茸乙醇体积分数的增大鹿茸片中胶原蛋白含量逐渐增加。     

Molecular ecology and polyphasic characterization of the microbiota associated with semi-dry processed coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

This work was aimed at isolating and identifying the microbiota present during the semi-dry method of coffee processing using polyphasic methods and to evaluate microbial diversity with PCR-DGGE. Samples of Coffea arabica L. were collected during different processing stages in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The bacterial and fungal isolates were phenotypically characterised and grouped according to the ARDRA technique, in which the 16–23S and ITS1-5.8S regions of the rDNA were sequenced for species identification. The bacterial counts varied from 3.7 to 7 log CFU g⁻¹. The yeast counts ranged from 3.4 to 6.9 log CFU g⁻¹, and the filamentous fungal population varied from 2 to 3.7 log CFU g⁻¹. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant bacteria detected during the processing of the coffee, and Pichia anomala, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were the dominant yeasts. All of the yeast and bacterial species detected by PCR-DGGE were isolated using culture-dependent methods, with the exception of one uncultivable bacterial species. Aspergillus was the most common genus among the filamentous fungal isolates. The use of polyphasic methods allowed a better characterization of the microbiota that is naturally present in semi-dry processed coffee.     

The effect of homogenization and addition of polysaccharides on the viscoelastic properties of processed cheese sauce

This study was conducted to determine the effect of 1-stage homogenization (OSH) and 2-stage homogenization (TSH) and the addition of polysaccharides [κ-carrageenan (CR) or furcellaran (FR) at levels ranging from 0.000 to 1.000% (wt/wt)] on the physicochemical, viscoelastic, and mechanical vibration damping properties of processed cheese sauces (PCS) after 30 d of storage (6 ± 2°C). The basic chemical properties (pH, dry matter content) were similar for all tested samples. Viscoelastic measurements indicated that PCS rigidity was directly proportional to increasing CR or FR concentration and to the application of homogenization. The interactions between the application of homogenization and the concentration of polysaccharides used were also significant. Compared with OSH, TSH did not lead to any further increase in the rigidity. The preceding results were also supported by data obtained from a nondestructive method of mechanical vibration damping. No changes in water activity were observed in any PCS sample. Overall, the addition of FR or CR appeared to be highly suitable for increasing the emulsion stability of PCS. If PCS products with softer consistency are desired, then a concentration of CR/FR ≤0.250% (wt/wt) could be recommended together with OSH/TSH. For products for which a firmer PCS consistency is required, the addition of CR in concentrations of ≥0.500% (wt/wt) or FR in concentrations of ≥1.000% (wt/wt) together with OSH is recommended. Finally, as the concentration of polysaccharides increased, a darker PCS color was observed.     

加工肉制品中杂环胺的研究进展

存在于加工肉制品中的杂环胺主要包括氨基咪唑氮和氨基咔啉两大类,两类杂环胺大多数都具有致癌、致突变作用,特别是2- 氨基-3- 甲基IQ 咪唑并[4,5-f]喹啉(IQ),已被国际癌症研究中心归类为“对人类高可疑致癌物(2A 级)”。长期研究表明,随着加工温度的升高和加工时间的延长,杂环胺含量显著上升;原料肉的种类会对产品中杂环胺含量产生影响;此外肉汁和肉汤中的杂环胺含量也是评估其每日摄取量的重要因素之一。本文对杂环胺的结构、分类、生物毒性、提取检测方法等进行综述,重点述评影响其形成的因素,以增进公众对杂环胺的认识。     

罗非鱼鱼肉的解吸平衡规律研究

罗非鱼鱼肉的解吸平衡含水率不但决定给定干燥条件下所能达到的最低水分,且直接影响干燥速度,本文采用静态称重法研究了罗非鱼鱼肉在不同温度(40℃～60℃)和不同相对湿度(11.0～84.0%)条件下的解吸平衡含水率的变化规律,比较了罗非鱼背部和腹部肌肉在恒温60℃和不同湿度下的解吸平衡含水率的差异,分析了温、湿度对鱼肉的平衡含水率的影响,并对试验测定的结果进行了回归分析,得出Chung-Pfost模型最适宜描述罗非鱼鱼肉的平衡含水率变化。     

Control of Listeriamonocytogenes on commercially-produced frankfurters prepared with and without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and surface treated with lauric arginate using the Sprayed Lethality in Container (SLIC®) delivery method

Viability of Listeriamonocytogenes was monitored on frankfurters formulated with or without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate at a ratio of ca. 7:1 and treated with lauric arginate (LAE; 22 or 44 ppm) using the Sprayed Lethality in Container (SLIC®) delivery method. Without antimicrobials, pathogen numbers remained relatively constant at ca. 3.3 log CFU/package for ca. 30 d, but then increased to ca. 8.4 log CFU/package over 120 d. Regardless of whether or not lactate and diacetate were included, when treated with LAE, pathogen numbers decreased from ca. 3.3 log CFU/package to ca. 1.5 log CFU/package within 2 h, but then increased to 7.3 and 6.7 log CFU/package, respectively, after 120 d. When frankfurters were formulated with lactate and diacetate and treated with LAE, pathogen numbers decreased by ca. 2.0 log CFU/package within 2 h and remained relatively unchanged over the 120 d. These data confirm that LAE provides an initial lethality towards L. monocytogenes and when used in combination with reduced levels/ratio of lactate and diacetate as an ingredient for frankfurters provides inhibition throughout shelf life.