季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇条件的优化

目的优化季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的条件。方法通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的发酵温度、初始pH值、转速和接种量,通过高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中木糖醇的含量;采用最佳发酵条件发酵生产木糖醇,检测木糖醇含量。结果摇瓶发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的最佳条件为:发酵温度28℃,起始pH值5.0,接种量5%(v/v),摇床转速180 r/min;以最佳条件发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的含量为9.016 g/L。结论优化了季也蒙毕赤酵母DQ11发酵酒糟水解液生产木糖醇的条件,为以酒糟生产木糖醇的可能性提供了实验依据。     

Improvement of ethanol fermentation from lignocellulosic hydrolysates by the removal of inhibitors

In this study, the removal efficiency of fermentation inhibitors in a lignocellulosic hydrolysate by electrodialysis (ED) and the ethanol performance of ED-treated hydrolysate were investigated. The fermentable sugars and inhibitors concentrations in the hydrolysate differed significantly depending on the kind of biomass and acid catalysts. In the mixed hardwood, acetic acid and furfural in the hydrolysate were high as 8.41–8.57 g/L and 2.68–4.23 g/L, respectively, but 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentration was relatively low compared with that of mixed softwood. The ED process showed the high effectiveness for removing acetic acid and total phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate without loss of fermentable sugars. However, most of the HMF and furfural remained in the hydrolysate after ED. Ethanol fermentation was not completed in untreated and mixed hardwood ED-treated hydrolysates due to the high concentration of furfural. Meanwhile, ethanol fermentation was successfully performed in a mixed softwood ED-treated hydrolysate pretreated with dicarboxylic acid. The maximum ethanol concentration attained after fermentation with an initial fermentable sugar level of 27.78 g/L was 10.12 g/L after 48 h.     

Characterization of Crude and Partially Purified Lipase from Geotrichum candidum Obtained with Different Nitrogen Sources

Lipases from Geotrichum candidum were produced in two different medium: A = 12 % (w/v) clarified corn steep liquor (CCSL) + 0.6 % (w/v) soybean oil (SO) and B = 3.5 % (w/v) yeast hydrolysate (YH) + 0.7 % (w/v) SO. Lipases were partially purified from both media by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using 3.0 mol L^?1 of NaCl as mobile phase, and they were characterized in the crude and partially purified forms. The recovery of lipase activity from CCSL and YH via HIC were 96 and 94.3 %, and the purification factors were 44.3 and 86.7‐fold, respectively. All evaluated lipases had similar optimum pH (7.0–7.7), but, for the CCSL crude lipase, optimum temperature (47 °C) was 10 °C higher than others lipases evaluated. CCSL crude lipase possessed a higher thermo stability than YH crude lipase, e.g., at 37 °C (pH 7.0) the half‐life of CCSL crude lipase was 19.25 h and at pH 8.0 (30 °C) the half‐life was 48 h, which are five and ten times higher than with YH crude lipase, respectively. On the other hand, the YH crude lipase possessed a higher catalytic constant (k_cat = 2.3 min^?1) but with almost the same catalytic efficiency (K_m/k_cat = 32.12 mg mL min^?1) in relation to CCSL crude lipase. The lipases differ in biocatalytic properties between substrates, suggesting that the two lipases can be employed for different applications.     

反胶团萃取鱼精蛋白的初步研究

鱼精蛋白是一种重要的药用蛋白质,初步研究了反胶团法提取纯化鱼精蛋白的过程。结果表明,采用2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠（AOT）/异辛烷体系萃取鲑鱼鱼精蛋白,萃取率接近100%,异丙醇显著强化反萃过程。采用反胶团法萃取纯化鱼精蛋白从技术角度来说是可行的。     

Preparation and characterization of a protein hydrolysate from an oilseed flour mixture

A novel protein hydrolysate was prepared from the mixture of oilseed flours (soybean, sesame and peanut) and determined physicochemical & functional properties along with comparison of individual oilseed flour hydrolysate of soybean. Mixed flour obtained from oilseed flours viz. soybean, sesame and peanut by using calculated amounts in the ratio of 1.1:1.7:0.7, respectively was used as a starting raw material having balanced amino acid profile. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from mixed flour and soybean flour by a double enzyme treatment method to a level of 40% degree of hydrolysis. The dried protein hydrolysate prepared from the mixed flour had 72% crude protein. This protein was characterized by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE. Comparison of the amino acid profile of the protein hydrolysate from mixed flours and soyabean flours showed a significant increase in the former one with respect to amino acid contents usually deficient of single oilseed flour hydrolysate. The product is creamish yellow in colour and had a solubility of >90% over a wide pH range of 2–10. The mixed flour protein hydrolysate showed better functional attributes such as foaming, as compared to that from soybean flour alone.     

酶解条件对蔗渣还原糖得率的影响及产物分析研究

研究了两种纤维素酶酶制剂(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)对蔗渣还原糖得率的影响.实验发现复酶的还原糖得率高于单酶的得率.在复酶法中,分步的还原糖得率(60%生物量)略高于一步法(59.0%生物量)得率.酶解液分析表明,蔗渣酶解产物主要有木糖、葡萄糖及少量的果糖和纤维二糖;红外分析表明酶解后残渣的纤维素吸收峰明显减弱,电镜观察得固体残渣表面出现孔洞,结构疏松,但基本框架无很大变化.     

猪血红蛋白抗氧化活性肽的分离及脱色技术研究

为充分挖掘血液蛋白质资源及开发具有保健功能的血液深加工生物制品,本实验以猪血为原料,以猪血红蛋白为研究对象,采用胃蛋白酶在pH1.6,酶底比1.6%,温度40.4℃条件下对猪血红蛋白酶解60min,后采用中空纤维超滤设备(截留分子量分别为10KDa,5KDa和3KDa)对酶解产物进行分离和脱色,获得4组区分物(PHH-Ⅰ∶MWCO>10KDa;PHH-Ⅱ∶10KDa>MWCO>5KDa;PHH-Ⅲ∶5KDa>MWCO>3KDa;PHH-Ⅳ∶MWCO<3KDa)。结果显示,各区分物随分子量的降低其色泽逐渐变浅,区分物PHH-Ⅳ具有最高抗氧化活性,且其接近无色,透明、清澈,感官质量得到了很大提升,在功能性食品、药物及化妆品工业领域极具应用潜力。     

Characteristics and Use of Yellow Stripe Trevally Hydrolysate as Culture Media

ABSTRACT:  Characteristics and the use as culture media of protein hydrolysate from yellow stripe trevally (HF₂₅) were determined in comparison with Bacto Peptone. HF₂₅ had the higher contents of ash (45.73%), lipid (0.77%), and moisture (4.34%) but lower protein content (42.11%) than did Bacto Peptone ( P  < 0.05). HF₂₅ powder was slightly darker than Bacto Peptone ( P  < 0.05). HF₂₅ contained a higher amount of essential amino acids (44.05%) than did Bacto Peptone (19.34%). HF₂₅ and Bacto Peptone consisted of several minerals at varying levels and had an excellent solubility over a wide pH range. At water activity (a_w) greater than 0.75, the much higher moisture sorption was found in HF₂₅ ( P  < 0.05). HF₂₅ showed the higher bacterial productivity ratio than did Bacto Peptone ( P  < 0.05). When HF₂₅ and commercial Bacto Peptone were used as microbial media to determine microbial load of environmental and food samples and pathogenic bacteria, HF₂₅ generally exhibited similar potential in culturing those microorganisms ( P  > 0.05). Thus, the conversion of low market value species to fish protein hydrolysate, which can be used as the nitrogenous substrate for microbial growth, could be achieved.     

Purification of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from sunflower protein hydrolysates by reverse-phase chromatography following affinity purification

The purification of a peptidic fraction with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity from sunflower protein hydrolysates by affinity chromatography was recently described. We now describe that reverse-phase HPLC fractionation of this product yields several fractions with IC₅₀ one order of magnitude higher than those previously purified by reverse-phase HPLC following gel filtration chromatography, showing that affinity chromatography is much more effective than gel filtration chromatography as a first step for purification of ACE inhibitory peptides. The amino acid composition of these fractions is presented, but attempts to determine their amino acid sequence failed, showing that these fractions contained more than one peptide.