乳清多肽对D - 半乳糖衰老模型大鼠血清和脏器组织抗氧化效果的影响

研究乳清蛋白的碱性蛋白酶水解产物对D- 半乳糖(D-gal)衰老模型大鼠抗氧化效果的影响。将大鼠分为7组,包括正常对照组、D-gal 模型阴性对照组、D-gal ＋未水解乳清蛋白组、D-gal ＋乳清蛋白肽低剂量组、D-gal＋乳清蛋白肽中剂量组、D-gal ＋乳清蛋白肽高剂量组和D-gal ＋抗坏血酸模型阳性对照组。各处理组灌胃45d 后,检测衰老大鼠血清、心脏和肾脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化及肝脏中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。抗坏血酸阳性对照组和低、中、高剂量乳清多肽组均可使大鼠血清、心脏和肾脏的SOD 、GSH-Px 及CAT 活性提高,MDA 含量降低,并且与阴性对照组相比差异显著 (P ＜0.05)。其中,高剂量乳清多肽组(200mg/kg bw)对SOD 酶活性作用最显著,使血清SOD 活性比阴性对照组提高了29.2%。高剂量乳清多肽组使肾脏GSH-Px 活性及肝脏中CAT 活性达到了阳性对照抗坏血酸的水平(P ＞ 0.05),同时,中剂量乳清多肽组(100mg/kg bw)使心脏中的MDA 含量与阴性对照组相比下降了38.6%。结果表明,乳清多肽能够通过提高生物体内抗氧化酶系的活力,减少自由基对组织器官的损害,发挥其抗氧化作用,这说明乳清多肽在延缓机体衰老方面具有一定的效果。     

Release of short and proline-rich antihypertensive peptides from casein hydrolysate with an Aspergillus oryzae protease

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activities were measured after hydrolysis of casein by 9 different commercially available proteolytic enzymes. Among these enzymes, a protease isolated from Aspergillus oryzae showed the highest angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity per peptide. The A. oryzae peptide also showed the highest antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats when the systolic blood pressure was measured 5 h after oral administration of 32 mg/kg of various enzymatic hydrolysates. Significant antihypertensive effects were observed with dosages of 9.6, 32, and 96 mg of the A. oryzae peptide/kg of body weight (BW), and the effects were dependent on these peptide dosages.Analysis of peptide length showed the A. oryzae hydrolysate was the shortest of all tested casein hydrolysates; the peptide mixture had an average value of 1.4 amino acids (AA) in the sequence. To further characterize the A. oryzae hydrolysate, we analyzed the AA sequence of the whole peptide mixture. Various AA were detected at the first AA position, however, an increased number of Pro residues were observed at the second and third position of the A. oryzae hydrolysate. No strong signals were detected after the fourth AA position of the A. oryzae hydrolysate. These results suggest that the casein hydrolysate of A. oryzae, which expressed potent antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, mainly contain short peptides of X-Pro and X-Pro-Pro sequences.     

酶法从全酯大豆中同时制备大豆油和大豆水解蛋白工艺的研究

研究了酶法从全脂大豆中同时制各大豆油和大豆水解蛋白的工艺，水提过程的最佳工艺条件为固液比１：１０，温度４４℃，ｐＨ７．７０和提取时间３６ｍｉｎ。含油大豆蛋白进行两次有控制的酶解，得到等电点可溶大豆水解蛋白（ＩＳＳＰＨ）和稳定性低的乳化油。确定了转相法破乳的工艺条件，从乳化油分离得到纯度较高的大豆油。水解蛋白和油的得率分别达到７４％和６６％。探讨了等电点或可溶大豆水解蛋白的功能性质及其在食品中的应用。     

The alginate fermentation strain Pantoea sp. F16-PCAi-T3P21 and ethanol production

Bio-ethanol production from algae is a promising way to help solve the energy problem. Alginate is a major component of algae, but it cannot be utilized by existing ethanol fermentation microorganisms. In order to improve the utilization rate of brown algae, high alginate fermentation strains should be obtained. In this research, strains for algae fermentation were got from several experiments. The ethanol yield of strain A was the highest, which was 0.095 g/g (ethanol to alginate). The identification of strain A was carried out and it was 99% identical to Pantoea sp. F16-PCAi-T3P21. Fermentation experiments with different substrates were carried out, such as laminaran, mannitol, L. japonica and acid hydrolysate of L. japonica, and the ethanol yield rate of L. japonica acid hydrolysate was the highest, which reached 0.17 g/g ethanol to L. japonica. It showed that strain A can converse alginate to ethanol in a relatively high yield rate, and might be a promising strain with L. japonica as the substrate, we believe more research should be carried out on this strain.     

Production of bioactive proteins and peptides from the diatom Nitzschia laevis and comparison of their in vitro antioxidant activities with those from Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris

This research focuses on green production of bioactive proteins and hydrolysates from Nitzschia. A comparison of antioxidant activities was established between protein extracts and hydrolysates from Nitzschia and two other well‐known microalgae, chlorella and spirulina. Protein hydrolysates from these microalgae were produced using Alcalase^®, Flavourzyme^® and Trypsin. The hydrolysis process enhanced the antioxidant activities in general, especially those obtained using Alcalase^®. Nitzschia showed the highest (P < 0.05) total phenolic content/reducing capacity (2.4 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100 g) after 90 min of hydrolysis with Alcalase^®. The ABTS [2,2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging activity (66.77 ± 0.00%) was highest (P < 0.05) after 120 min of hydrolysis, but DPPH (2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical) was low (29.59 ± 0.02%). A correlation between ABTS activity and total phenolic contents was the highest (P < 0.05) for protein hydrolysates from all three organisms using Alcalase^®, but superoxide anion radical scavenging activity was intermediate for Nitzschia. Therefore, Nitzschia protein hydrolysates have the potential to be used as antioxidants.     

Optimization of biohydrogen production using acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate followed by nickel nanoparticle addition

The dilute acid hydrolysis using corn stover (CS) to produce reducible sugars was optimized by the response surface methodology. The electron-equivalent balances of the main metabolites during the dark fermentation (DF) using acid hydrolysate were investigated to identify the evolutions of the electron sinks over the course of DF. The additions of nickel ion and Ni⁰ nanoparticles (NPs) were found to effectively enhance the hydrogen production at experimental conditions. The optimal condition (HCl 2.5 wt%, hydrolyzing duration 105 minutes, pH=5, S/B=3.5, Ni⁰ NPs=10 mg/L^-1) was achieved with Y_H2/S reaching 1.18 (mol.mol^-1-glucose). The Y_H2/S increased from 0.7 (mol.mol^-1-glucose) to 1.18 (mol.mol^-1-glucose) reaching 40% hydrogen yield increase when Ni⁰ NPs was added to the fermentation broth. Among the investigated significant soluble metabolites, the butyric acid was found to serve as the largest e-sink in the electron-equivalent balance. The additions of Ni⁰ NPs at low level (below 10 mg/L) were found to appreciably increase the hydrogen production. The increased pH and substrate to biomass ratio were found to skew the metabolic balance from hydrogen production to the biosynthesis (an increase of biomass). The proposed anaerobic digestion model with consideration of the inhibitory factors model presents a good agreement with the experimental data. The chemical addition such as nickel ions, Ni⁰ NPs was found to be a practical approach in enhancing biohydrogen production using CS acid hydrolysate as cultivation broth.     

Bioaugmentation with Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16 to enhance thermophilic hydrogen production using corn stover hydrolysate

In the present work, with corn stover hydrolysate as the substrate, an efficient hydrogen-producing thermophile, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum W16, was added to three kinds of seed sludge (rotten corn stover (RCS), cow dung compost (CDC), and sludge from anaerobic digestion (SAD)) to investigate the effect of bioaugmentation on thermophilic hydrogen production. Batch test results indicate that the bioaugmentation with a small amount of the strain T. thermosaccharolyticum W16 (5% of total microbes) increased the hydrogen yield to varying degrees (RCS: from 8.78 to 9.90 mmol H₂/g utilized sugar; CDC: from 8.18 to 8.42 mmol H₂/g utilized sugar; SAD: from 8.55 to 9.17 mmol H₂/g utilized sugar). The bioaugmentation process also influenced the soluble metabolites composition towards more acetate and less butyrate production for RCS, and more acetate and less ethanol accumulation for SAD. Microbial community analysis indicates that Thermoanaerobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. dominated microbial community in all situations and might be mainly responsible for thermophilic hydrogen generation. For RCS and SAD, the bioaugmentation obviously increased the relative abundance of the strain T. thermosaccharolyticum W16 in microbial community, which might be the main reason for the improvement of hydrogen production in these cases.     

不同蛋白酶对蓝蛤酶解液风味特性的影响

为得到风味良好的蓝蛤酶解液,选用复合蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶进行单酶酶解,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用、电子鼻、电子舌及氨基酸自动分析仪等对不同酶解液的风味特征进行综合评价,利用滋味活性值评价滋味物质的呈味作用和强度.结果表明,复合蛋白酶酶解液的水解度较高,达到28.02％;不同酶解...