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41.
利用微波介电加热和微波干燥水解法制备TiO2微粒 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用微波介电加热和微波干燥条件下TiCl4直接水解的方法制备出平均尺寸为40m,粒径分布窄,均为球形且形态均一,团聚较少,金红石型的TiO2纳米粒子,其内部品粒平均大小为17nm。而传统加热和干燥条件下形成的纳米微粒平均为60nm,粒经大小不均一,形态较不规则,团聚严重。微波加热和干燥方法具有清洁、快速均匀高效、环境友好的优点,推广前景良好。TiCl4水解法经济便利,适于工业化生产。 相似文献
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为优化2,6-二氟苯甲酸(DFBA)的合成工艺,以2,6-二氯苯腈(DCBN)和氟化钾为原料,N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,在聚醚类催化剂A的催化下氟代合成中间体2,6-二氟苯腈,然后中间体在碱性条件下水解制得(DFBA).试验结果表明,合成DFBN的最佳条件为:DCBN在DMF中的质量浓度为0.38g/mL,KF的量为DCBN的量的2.3~2.4倍,反应时间10 h,最高收率93.5%;合成DFBA时,以质量分数为20%的NaOH为介质,反应时间9 h,收率≥92%.收率93.5%,纯度99.7%.该工艺收率高、三废排放少,可节省成本,有望工业推广. 相似文献
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A new method is presented for preparing highly monodispersed silica particles using a two-stage semibatch/batch hydrolysis reaction of Si(OC2 H5 )4 . The slower rate of hydrolysis of the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) that occurred during the semibatch process resulted in larger silica particles with a higher yield and narrower size distribution. This was in direct contrast to the batch process. In addition, the ability of four different mixed processes to produce silica particles with good packing density, narrower particle-size distribution, and higher yield were evaluated. These were batch/batch (B-B), batch/semibatch (B-S), semibatch/batch (S-B), and semibatch/semibatch (S-S) processes. The S-S system produced the largest particles with the highest yields. The size of the silica particles obtained by the S-B method decreased with increasing reaction time, while the particles obtained by the B-S process had the best particle-size distribution and packing density. In conclusion, a mixed batch/semibatch system was the best way to produce an extremely narrow particle-size distribution and a good packing density. 相似文献
46.
Richard Kotek Dong‐Wook Jung Joon Ho Kim Brent Smith Patricia Guzman Benjamin Schmidt 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,92(3):1724-1730
The surface alkaline hydrolysis of fibers made from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was studied after extruding the polymer at high spinning speeds from 2000 to 6000 m/min and heat setting in the range of temperatures from 100 to 180°C. Fiber weight loss increased with an increasing heat‐setting temperature but it was also dependent on the spinning speed. Some of the partially hydrolyzed fibers had a well‐developed, hydrophilic surface, and pore size in the range of 0.69 to 1.20 μm. The optimum reaction and morphological conditions for increasing porosity in PTT fibers depends on spinning speed and heat‐setting temperature. A temperature of 180°C is the upper limit for heat‐setting PTT filaments but seems to be the most effective for making porous fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1724–1730, 2004 相似文献
47.
In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/SiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization and melt‐spun to fibers. The superfine structure, physical properties, and dyeability of alkaline hydrolyzed PET/SiO2 nanocomposite fibers were studied. According to the TEM, SiO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed in the PET matrix at a size level of 10–20 nm. PET/SiO2 nanocomposite fibers were treated with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide at 100°C for different time. The differences in the alkaline hydrolysis mechanism between pure PET and PET/SiO2 nanocomposite fibers were preliminarily investigated, which were evaluated in terms of the weight loss, tensile strength, specific surface area, as well as disperse dye uptake. PET/SiO2 nanocomposite fibers showed a greater degree of weight loss as compared with that of pure PET fibers. More and tougher superfine structures, such as cracks, craters, and cavities, were introduced, which would facilitate the certain application like deep dyeing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3691–3697, 2006 相似文献
48.
Chengyun Yue J. Milton Harris Per-Erik Hellberg Karin Bergstrom 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(7):841-845
A series of noncyclic acetal-linked cleavable surfactants were simply prepared by condensation of aldehydes with poly(ethylene
glycol) monomethyl ethers. All of the products were characterized by1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Their hydrophile-lipophile balance, surface tension, cloud point, critical micelle concentration,
and foam height were determined. Hydrolysis kinetic studies, followed by gas chromatography, showed that they had higher hydrolytic
reactivity in acidic solution than cyclic acetal-linked cleavable surfactants. 相似文献
49.
The influence of various fillers on sizing efficiency, adsorption and hydrolysis of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) has been investigated. Results indicated that the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) improved AKD retention, both bound and unbound. The sizing efficiency was reduced as PCC contents increased, which might be attributed to the decrease in the relative AKD dosage to fibres and AKD hydrolysis promoted by PCC. Less amount of AKD was adsorbed on PCC, compared with calcined clay and TiO2 fillers under the same conditions. Hydrolysis studies indicated that PCC had a more detrimental effect on AKD hydrolysis than clay and TiO2. 相似文献
50.
Bioconversion of sludge from the primary clarifier of a sulphite pulping operation to ethanol offers a number of advantages over conventional disposal options. The amount of material which must be disposed of is reduced while, at the same time, salable and environmentally friendly fuel-ethanol is produced. In this study, primary clarifier sludge (PCS) was shown to be hydrolysed to produce fermentable sugars at a rate proportional to enzyme loading. Initial (1 hour) hydrolysis rates as high as 12.6 g reducing sugar/L · h were observed at an initial enzyme loading of 10 filter paper units (FPU)/g. Hydrolysis was inhibited by spent sulphite liquor (SSL), an inhibition which could be completely overcome by fermenting the SSL to remove sugars. Surfactants were found to only marginally improve the production of sugars. To reduce the deleterious effects of end product inhibition, single stage simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was carried out using cellulase enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 相似文献