Corrosion protective bi‐layered composites of polyaniline and poly(o‐anisidine) on low carbon steel

Bi‐layered composites of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) were investigated for corrosion protection of low carbon steel (LCS). In this work, homopolymers and bi‐layers of PANI and POA were electropolymerized on LCS from an aqueous salicylate solution by using cyclic voltammetry. These coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Corrosion tests were carried out in aqueous 3% NaCl solution for LCS coated with PANI, POA, bi‐layered POA/PANI (POA on top of the PANI) or PANI/POA (PANI on top of the POA) composites using open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, potentiodynamic polarization technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The single layer of PANI and POA protected the LCS in 3% NaCl for 8 and 16 h, respectively. The bi‐layered composite coatings provide effective protection to LCS for a longer time than a single layered PANI or POA coating. However, the corrosion protection offered to LCS depends on the deposition order of polymer layers in the composite. The PANI/POA composite provides better protection to LCS against corrosion than POA/PANI coating. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

工业建筑遗产的视觉研究初探

视觉属性既是工业建筑的特殊属性又是人们认知事物的特殊属性,视觉传达便作为工业建筑与人之间的一种主导地位的信息传达方式。该文利用视觉在人们生活中的重要地位及其作用效果与工业建筑的自身特征属性的一个结合点,深化探讨这一凌驾于其他一般属性的特殊视觉属性的内容：建筑物、构筑物和工业景观等工业建筑的视觉要素,并进一步阐释工业建筑巨大的尺度,明显的中心,沉闷的色系,材质的厚重感、强烈的秩序感,简明的几何性,暴露的机械性等视觉特征,通过这些角度挖掘出工业建筑遗产内在核心价值规律,并使之作为工业建筑遗产保护措施的理论依据。     

环保型润滑剂发展综述

综述了环保型润滑添加剂的定义、种类及应用，介绍了生物降解试验方法的定义、种类以及生态毒性试验方法，概述了环保型润滑添加剂的发展现状，指出国内开展相关研究工作的紧迫性。     

漫谈舞台机械的安全装置

舞台机械最重要的指标之一是安全可靠。概括性地介绍舞台机械安全运行须配置的安全保护装置,及它们的原理、功能、结构及安装位置。     

天津地热水开发利用状况及保护对策研究

在阐述天津地热水开发利用现状的基础上,针对所存在的缺乏统一规划、地热利用率低和回灌量少等问题,提出了分区管理、总量控制、强度控制、利用方式控制和优化配置的保护原则.依据保护原则,根据所划分的限制开采区、控制开采区、鼓励开采区和探采结合区,分别制订了相应的保护措施及保护目标,为有限且宝贵的地热水资源可持续开发利用提供了技术支持.     

CARR二回路冷却系统碳钢管道的腐蚀与防护

针对中国先进研究堆(CARR)的特殊性,以静态挂片实验与动态模拟实验相结合,采用挂片失重的方法计算腐蚀速率,着重从Cl-、SO2-4、Mg2+和Ca2+浓缩比,pH值,缓蚀阻垢剂浓度等方面开展了碳钢腐蚀影响因素的分析与研究。结果表明,在CARR二回路中,Cl-、SO2-4、Mg2+和Ca2+的浓缩比为2~3,pH值为8.0~8.5,缓释阻垢剂LJ-301的浓度为0.12g/L左右的水质为最佳状态,经24h浸泡或循环水冲击下,20#碳钢的防腐效果明显。     

Protective Oxide Film on Alloy X750 Formed in Air at 973 K

An effective pre-oxidation method for Alloy X750 was developed to reduce general corrosion in an oxygenated aqueous environment such as in BWR core water. The optimum condition of preoxidation in air at elevated temperatures was found to be 5–20 h at 973 K by considering the allowance condition of heat treatment for age-hardening.

Some characteristics of the corroded oxide film have been clarified by surface analyses with XMA, SIMS, AES, XPS etc. The film was composed of double oxide layers, namely a highly crystallized NiFe₂O₄ outer layer and a high Cr₂O₃ content inner layer. The passive property of the film has been recognized to be due to the nature of the oxides whereby NiFe₂O₄ restricts the dissolution of metals because of its low solubility and Cr₂O₃ restricts the diffusion of metal ions because of its high binding energy and low diffusion coefficient.     

用于调温纺织品的相变材料及制备技术

利用相变材料的独特性能可制备具有智能调温功能的纺织品.分析了调温纺织品对相变材料的要求,讨论了用于调温纺织品的相变材料应具备的条件,介绍了适用于智能调温纺织品的相变材料种类,并对复合相变材料的制备工艺作了总结.     

Numerical and experimental investigations into ballistic performance of hybrid fabric panels

Strong, low density fibres have been favoured materials for ballistic protection, but the choice of fibres is limited for making body armour that is both protective and lightweight. In addition to developments of improved fibres, alternative approaches are required for creating more protective and lighter body armour. This paper reports on a study on hybrid fabric panels for ballistic protection. The Finite Element (FE) method was used to predict the response of different layers of fabric in a twelve-layer fabric model upon impact. It was found that the front layers of fabric are more likely to be broken in shear, and the rear layers of fabric tend to fail in tension. This suggested that using shear resistant materials for the front layer and tensile resistant materials for the rear layer may improve the ballistic performance of fabric panels. Two types of structure, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) woven and unidirectional (UD) materials, were analyzed for their failure mode and response upon ballistic impact by using both FE and experimental methods. It was found that woven structures exhibit better shear resistance and UD structures gives better tensile resistance and wider transverse deflection upon ballistic impact. Two types of hybrid ballistic panels were designed from the fabrics. The experimental results showed that placing woven fabrics close to the impact face and UD material as the rear layers led to better ballistic performance than the panel constructed in the reverse sequence. It has also been found that the optimum ratio of woven to UD materials in the hybrid ballistic panel was 1:3. The improvement in ballistic protection of the hybrid fabric panels allows less material to be used, leading to lighter weight body armour.