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101.
The effects of moisture, temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) light on performance of natural‐fiber–plastic composites (NFPC) were assessed. We conducted short‐term tests in the laboratory and long‐term tests under natural exposure and measured changes in mechanical properties and color in samples of the composite. Chemical changes of the composite's materials were measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanisms of chemical transformations on the material surface. Relative humidity highly affected the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and had a greater effect than temperature and UV exposure on performance of the composite. The lightness of the composite was increased by the UV effect in the short‐ and the long‐term tests. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that the composite was protected by the UV absorber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2570–2577, 2006 相似文献
102.
Esabi B Kurbanoglu 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2003,83(11):1134-1138
Production of the fungus Aspergillus niger NRRL 330 was studied in submerged fermentation with ram horn hydrolysate (RHH) as substrate. The characteristics of RHH have been reported previously. The RHH was enriched by addition of glucose and KH2PO4. The effects of kinetic parameters on the biomass yield of the fungus were investigated. The optimal conditions for growth of A niger on RHH were initial pH 6.5, temperature 30 °C, fermentation time 96 h and agitation speed 150 rpm. Under these optimal conditions the initial carbohydrate content of RHH was reduced from 1.52 to 0.2% and the biomass yield was 8.9 g l?1. The biomass contained about 48.1% protein, 5.2% fat and 9.4% ash (on a dry weight basis). The amino acid content of the biomass was compared with Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and animal feed standards. The protein produced contained all the essential amino acids for animal feed, but the amounts of these amino acids were somewhat lower than those of FAO and soybean reference protein. However, the amino acid composition of the biomass was better than that of animal feed. The results with RHH were also compared with previously reported data on fungal mycelium grown on waste liquor substrate. In conclusion, it was found that RHH could be used as a substrate in the production of fungal protein for use as animal feed. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
103.
Protein Extraction from Heat-stabilized Defatted Rice Bran: II. The Role of Amylase, Celluclast, and Viscozyme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of 3 carbohydrases for protein extraction from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran (HDRB) was evaluated. Amylase, viscozyme and celluclast extracted a maximum of 45.4, 12.1, and 28.5% protein, respectively. Further study showed that extracted protein ranged from 9.5 to 58.4% under conditions of water to bran ratio (5:1 to 20:1), α-amylase (0 to 110000 units/10 g rice bran), temperature (35 to 55 °C), and time (1 to 8 h). The maximum protein extracted was 58.4% with a water to bran ratio of 17:1, 87637 units amylase, and 50.9 °C. These results suggest that impure food-grade amylase containing protease is more effective than celluclast and viscozyme in protein extraction from HDRB. 相似文献
104.
The catalysts of CeO2 and the mixture of CeO2 and CuO were prepared, and the activities of these catalysts for completely oxidizing benzene were studied.The results show that the optimal proportion of CeO2/CuO is 6: 4.The highest temperature at which benzene was completely oxidized on these catalysts at different airspeed was measured.Compared these catalysts with the noble metal used, our catalysts had superiority in the resources and the industrial cost besides good activities. 相似文献
105.
106.
铀表面初始氧化行为的电子能量损失谱研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用俄歇电子能谱仪获取了表面清洁的铀及其在氧化过程中的电子能量损失谱(EELS),研究这些电子能量损失谱线显示:清洁表面铀的等离子损失的实验值与理论值较为符合;随着氧化程度的加剧,体等离子体(BP)、表面等离子体(SP)以及价带间跃迁所造成的电子能量损失峰发生了明显的连续偏移和强度的变化,表明室温下清洁表面铀暴露微量纯氧后,在铀表面上发生了U→UO→UO2初始氧化过程。同时,又采用了俄歇电子能谱(AES)和X射线光电子谱(XPS)对照分析了铀的初始氧化过程。 相似文献
107.
108.
Burcu Selen alayan Ahmet K. Avc Z. lsen
nsan A. Erhan Aksoylu 《Applied Catalysis A: General》2005,280(2):181-188
Indirect partial oxidation (IPOX) of propane was studied over bimetallic 0.2 wt.% Pt–15 wt.% Ni/δ-Al2O3 catalyst in the 623–743 K temperature range. The unreduced and reduced forms of the catalyst were characterized by ESEM–EDAX and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the IPOX tests, the effects of steam to carbon ratio (S/C), carbon to oxygen ratio (C/O2) and residence time (W/F (gcat h/mol HC)) on the hydrogen production activity, selectivity and product distribution were studied in detail. The effect of temperature program applied (increasing from 623 to 743 K, ITP; decreasing from 743 to 623 K, DTP) during reaction was also tested. The results showed that the Pt–Ni bimetallic system has superior performance characteristics compared to the monometallic catalysts reported in literature. The reason is thought to be the utilization of the catalyst particles as micro heat exchangers during IPOX; the heat generated by Pt sites during exothermic total oxidation (TOX) being readily transferred through the catalyst particles acting as micro heat exchangers to the Ni sites, which promote endothermic steam reforming (SR). The optimal conditions were found as S/C = 3, C/O2 = 2.70 and W/F = 0.51 gcat h/mol HC for IPOX of propane on the basis of high hydrogen productivity and selectivity between 623 and 748 K for the experimental conditions tested. The thermo-neutral points obtained showed the sustainability of reaction in terms of energy. 相似文献
109.
难处理金矿石加石灰焙烧焙砂中CaS的消除 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了用空气氧化预浸加石灰焙烧焙砂中的CaS,以消除其对金氰化的影响。预浸后金的氰化浸出率可从58%提高到80%以上。 相似文献
110.
Catalytic oxidation of sulfide ions over nickel hydroxides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The catalytic sulfide ion oxidation by oxygen to elemental sulfur over β-Ni(OH)2 and LiNiO2 has been studied. As a result of experimental investigation performed, a reaction mechanism is suggested which involves heterogeneous and homogeneous processes. Dioxygen activation in the heterogeneous process proceeds via a redox Ni2+ ↔ Ni3+ transition and participation of OH− groups. The active HO−2 species thus formed carries on the reaction in homogeneous phase. Nickel hydroxides are promising catalysts for practical application. 相似文献