中性蛋白酶B．S．HD401生产菌激光选育

本文报道了从花生地土壤分离到一株分泌中性蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌，经纯铜蒸汽激光诱变，选育到一株高产菌株ＨＤ４０１，产酶提高幅度高达７２．７％。诱变过程说明，菌体存活率和正变率以及激光波长、孢子体生理状态有一定的相关性。Ｂ．Ｓ．ＨＤ４０１经多次传代，产酶性状稳定，通过正交试验对培养基进行优化，在２升罐中酶活达８５２０ｕ／ｍｌ。     

NaCl-activated extracellular proteinase from Virgibacillus sp. SK37 isolated from fish sauce fermentation

ABSTRACT:  Virgibacillus sp. SK37 exhibited high extracellular proteolytic activity in skim milk broth containing 10% NaCl. Optimum conditions of the crude proteinase were at pH 8.0 and 65 °C. The proteinase was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and preferably hydrolyzed Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-AMC, suggesting the serine proteinase with a subtilisin-like characteristic. Proteolytic activity increased with NaCl concentration up to 20%. Ca²⁺ activated the enzyme activity but reduced enzyme stability at 65 °C. Several proteinases with dominant molecular mass (MW) of 81, 67, 63, 50, 38, and 18 kDa were detected on native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) activity staining in the absence and presence of 25% NaCl. These results demonstrated that Virgibacillus sp. SK37 produced salt-activated extracellular proteinases. Virgibacillus sp. SK37 could be a promising strain for starter culture development used in fish sauce fermentation.     

添加丢糟生产酱油大曲的效果研究

通过对添加曲酒丢糟生产酱油大曲的效果研究,并对影响成曲质量和酱油品质的工艺条件(培曲时间、温度)进行了探讨。比较了改良曲与传统曲的性能优势及所产酱油的质量指标差异,确定了丢糟的最佳加入量为10%,培曲的时间24h,最适温度33℃。     

生姜抽提液处理技术及其在可乐饮料中的应用

生姜抽提物在饮料中应用时往往会引起饮料的沉淀，影响含姜汁饮料的价值。探讨了利用复合蛋白酶对生姜抽提液进行处理的技术。所制得的姜汁抽提液澄清、无沉淀，可以任何比例与可乐糖浆混合制成姜汁可乐饮料。经贮存试验，姜汁可乐无沉淀。这一处理技术已应用于工业化生产。     

耐热蛋白酶对UHT乳品质的影响及控制方法研究进展

从耐热蛋白酶对UHT乳品质的影响的角度出发．对近几年来国内外在牛乳中主要耐热蛋白酶的来源、检测方法、酶对UHT乳蛋白质水解和凝胶的影响、控制方法等方面的研究进展情况进行了综述，并提出今后深入研究应关注的方向和重点。     

不同酶水解提取米蛋白的功能特性研究

以木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶水解法提取的米蛋白为试验材料,测定了其功能特性,包括保水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性、蛋白凝胶形成性、米蛋白吸油性,并对两种酶水解提取的米蛋白的功能特性进行了比较。结果发现,两种酶水解提取的米蛋白的乳化性、起泡性及起泡稳定性之间的差异较大;而保水性、乳化稳定性、吸油性之间的差异趋于平缓。     

Wheat-bug damage in New Zealand wheats: The feeding mechanism of nysius huttoni and its effect on the morphological and physiological development of wheat

Adult Nysius huttoni White were placed in separate cages containing cultivars Rongotea and Karamu at the late anthesis, watery ripe and milky ripe stages of development. Between 84 and 99 % of the matured kernels were injured with the characteristic visible markings of bug-damaged wheat. All the samples contained strong wheat-bug proteinase activity as shown by the incubated SDS-sedimentation test and the disappearance of HMW glutenin subunits from electrophoretograms. Grain infested at late anthesis was most severely affected with shrivelled kernels, high screenings, protein, free amino acids and α-amylase, and low kernel weight, germination capacity and carbohydrate content. Grain infested at the watery ripe and milky ripe stages had values for the above properties closer to uninfested control wheat values. It was suggested that N huttoni sucked sap from lateral sieve tubes in the wheat ovary at late anthesis causing severe disruption to physiological development of the grain. Two commercial lines of wheat showed some characteristics of this effect.     

Modification of the Methods for the Extraction of Carboxypeptidase and Proteinase Activities from Sorghum Malts

The effects of two extractants on the activities of carboxypeptidase and proteinase enzymes from three sorghum varieties germinated for 3 and 5 days were studied. In all three varieties, cysteine hydrochloride (Cyst. HCl) proved a better extractant than 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) as shown by the increase in carboxypeptidase and proteinase activities with 5‐day malts. A three‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the effect of germination time, extractant and variety on the carboxypeptidase activities of the three malts showed that all the factors plus their possible four‐way interactions highly significantly (P < 0.001) affected the extractability/activity of the enzyme. However, while the three factors had a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on the proteinase activity, one of their four‐way interactions, specifically, extractant/variety, had no significant effect. This suggests that, unlike the carboxypeptidase enzyme, the effectiveness of the extractants in enhancing the extractability/activity of the proteinase enzyme in all the sorghum malt samples was amongst other factors, not variety‐dependent.     

The Effect of Barley Adjuncts on Free Amino Nitrogen Contents in Wort

Free amino nitrogen (FAN) and other low‐molecular‐weight nitrogen compounds (LNC) are highly important as nutrients for yeast. Many different types of low‐malt beer exist around the world, some of which are produced with barley as an adjunct. In these cases, inhibitors contained in barley are known to influence the amount of LNC in wort. Accordingly, it is important to investigate which proteinase class is key in producing these compounds. By investigating the relationship between the FAN contained in wort produced from malt and barley (barley adjunct wort) and malt proteinase activity, it was found that cysteine proteinase and 1,10‐orthophenanthroline (O‐Phen)‐inhibitable metallo proteinases had a significant correlation to the barley adjunct wort FAN levels. In addition, the relationship between malting conditions and these proteinase activities was investigated and the conditions defined for maximal production of proteinases as follows: steeping degree, 50%; germination temperature, 12°C; germination days, 6 days; water spray, 3 times and concentration of gibberellic acid, 10 mg/kg (barley).     

Utilization of oryzacystatin for regulating the ripening of squid shiokara, a traditional Japanese salted and fermented seafood

Shiokara is a fermented seafood composed of sliced squid mantle muscle ripened with fresh squid liver. Preliminary sensory evaluation by using the ranking test revealed that the hardness of squid muscle in shiokara was reduced within 7 d of ripening. During the process of ripening, muscle proteins were digested by proteinases present in squid liver. The degradation of paramyosin and myosin heavy chain was observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The hardness of squid mantle muscle in shiokara was reduced with the degradation of paramyosin and myosin heavy chain. This degradation was mainly caused by E-64-sensitive cysteine proteinases. To control the hardness of shiokara, we used rice seed oryzacystatin, which suppresses proteolysis by papain-like cysteine proteinases. When oryzacystatin was added 4 d after the start of shiokara ripening, the muscle protein degradation stopped, without further muscle softening. These results show that oryzacystatin is useful to control the ripening of shiokara by regulating its hardness.