Solubilisation and Degradation of Wheat Gluten Proteins by Barley Malt Proteolytic Enzymes

Solubilisation and degradation of wheat gluten proteins by barley malt proteolytic enzymes (BMPE) was investigated with a model buffer system at pH 4.0 and pH 5.6, representing optimal pH for proteolysis and a pH value typical for beer brewing conditions respectively. Under the experimental conditions, incubation of commercial wheat gluten with BMPE solubilised 70% and 20% of the gluten proteins at pH 4.0 and pH 5.6 respectively. Gel permeation chromatography profiles and SDS‐PAGE showed that wheat gluten proteins were more degraded by BMPE at pH 4.0 than at pH 5.6. In a laboratory scale barley malt brewing experiment, proteins of worts, prepared with and without wheat gluten, were characterised. Results comparable to those in the model buffer system at pH 5.6 were obtained, which indicated that BMPE indeed solubilise wheat gluten during mashing, but that further degradation is rather limited under these conditions.     

硫脲型整合树脂在分析上的应用 Ⅰ.岩样中微量银的中子活化分析

前言银和其他贵金属元素一样,在地壳中比较稀少,按其自然丰度为第67号元素,平均含量仅0.07 ppm。由于地质样品成分非常复杂,为测定其微量银,必须进行严格的化学分离。但是迄今文献中报道的许多分离分法,步骤都相当冗长,一般采用氯化银反     

Some aspects of the electrochemistry of the flotation of pyrrhotite

The iron sulfide mineral, pyrrhotite (Fe_(1–x)S), has long been known to be more difficult to recover by flotation from alkaline slurries than many other base metal sulfide minerals. This paper summarizes the results of an electrochemical study of the surface reactions that occur during the flotation of nickeliferous pyrrhotite in the recovery of nickel and the platinum group metals. Mixed potential measurements conducted with natural pyrrhotite electrodes in various stages of an operating flotation plant showed that the mineral potential is positive to the equilibrium potential of the xanthate/dixanthogen couple. Similar results were obtained during batch flotation experiments and in synthetic solutions in the laboratory. Cyclic voltammetric and potentiostatic current/time transient experiments were used to investigate the oxidation of pyrrhotite under various conditions. In addition, the reduction of oxygen, the reaction of copper ions and the oxidation of xanthate ions at the mineral surface were investigated. The formation of dixanthogen on pyrrhotite surfaces is thermodynamically favourable in plant flotation slurries. However the interaction with xanthate at pH values above 7 is inhibited by a surface species formed during the conditioning prior to xanthate addition. In acidic solutions copper ions react readily with pyrrhotite to form a species, possibly CuS that can be oxidized at potentials above 0.4 V. At pH 9 this species does not form and there is no electrochemical reaction between pyrrhotite and copper ions. The beneficial effects of copper ions to flotation performance appear to be related to an enhancement of the oxidation of xanthate.     

Thermally induced microstructural changes in cotton fibers: A free‐volume study

I measured positron lifetime in natural polymer–cotton fibers as a function of isochronal annealing temperature in the range 27–290°C. The variations in the positron results indicated structural changes occurring in the cotton fibers and determined the glass‐transition temperature as 80°C. Activation energies were measured separately for the crystalline and amorphous regions, indicating the versatility of the technique. These values were close to the O? H bond dissociation energy, suggesting O? H bond dissociation, the most probable process occurring under thermal treatment. As an extension of the positron results, the molecular weight of the cotton fibers was determined to be 1,200,000 based on free volume, which was within the range suggested for cotton. There seemed to be an indication that crosslinking changed the spiral structure of cotton fibers to the network type. However, this needs to be validated by other measurements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3336–3345, 2002     

Cellular neural network with trapezoidal activation function

This paper presents a cellular neural network (CNN) scheme employing a new non‐linear activation function, called trapezoidal activation function (TAF). The new CNN structure can classify linearly non‐separable data points and realize Boolean operations (including eXclusive OR) by using only a single‐layer CNN. In order to simplify the stability analysis, a feedback matrix W is defined as a function of the feedback template A and 2D equations are converted to 1D equations. The stability conditions of CNN with TAF are investigated and a sufficient condition for the existence of a unique equilibrium and global asymptotic stability is derived. By processing several examples of synthetic images, the analytically derived stability condition is also confirmed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

草酸二异辛酯的合成

以酸化膨润土(SO42-/Bentonite)固体酸为催化剂、草酸和异辛醇为原料合成草酸二异辛酯。考察了焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,焙烧温度为500℃时催化剂活性最好。考察了反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定了最佳酯化反应工艺条件,即n(异辛醇)∶n(草酸)为3.5∶1、w(SO42-/Bentonite)为2.0%、反应温度140℃、反应时间3 h;在该条件下草酸的转化率达到96.4%。催化剂重复使用6次后,草酸的转化率仍可达到94.4%。     

Diffusion in metallic glasses

Rutherfordα-particles backscattering technique was employed for measurements of diffusion rates in metallic glasses. Effects of relaxation, crystallization and plastic deformation on diffusion rates were also investigated. It has been observed that the diffusion rates of a metallic solute are of the same orders of magnitude in both metal-metal and metal-metalloid glasses. A higher diffusivity is likely if there is a large difference between melting points of the solute and matrix. Relaxation has no effect on diffusion, however, diffusivity increases on crystallization. An increase in diffusivity is also observed on plastic deformation of metallic glass.     

在p+GaAs体单晶材料上进行的NEA活化实验

NEA活化实验是利用体单晶材料进行的,未经任何外延或真空解理手续。为确立活化工艺,特别是表面清洁处理规范,作了相应AES分析。借助于测量样品附近高纯Al的熔点以校准及控制样品表面的温度。在不太好的本底真空(2×10^-7—6×10^-7Pa)条件下,活化好的GaAs样品之白光光电灵敏度可达1000μA/lm以上。