4-氨基-3-肼基-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑的合成及其对醛的检验

以硫脲和水合肼合成了可用于检验醛的试剂——4-氨基-3-肼基-5-巯基-1，2，4-三唑(别名：紫醛)，其结构通过红外光谱、核磁进行了确定。试验表明，紫醛对醛的检验敏感、专一、快速、操作简单。     

乙醛肟合成方法的改进

改进了乙醛肟的合成工艺。以盐酸羟胺为原料,滴加乙醛,反应1h后,调节pH值,然后加入自制强酸弱碱盐进行中和,将反应产物蒸馏得到乙醛肟。当盐酸羟胺和乙醛的摩尔比为1∶1 05～1 07、盐酸羟胺和水质量比为1∶1～1∶1 2、反应温度控制在10±2℃、反应体系的pH值控制在6～6 5时,乙醛肟的收率和纯度分别为94 1%和96 2%。     

酚醛改性胺环氧树脂固化剂研究进展

介绍了酚、醛改性胺类固化剂的合成反应原理、工艺路线、合成方法以及酚醛改性胺类固化剂产品型号、标准和技术指标方面存在的问题，建议尽快规范统一的标准。详细介绍了近年来该类固化剂的研究已从单纯的苯酚、甲醛对各种胺的改性。向着由多元化的酚、醛对各种胺进行改性的方向发展。描述了这类固化剂的主要品种及其优缺点并对市场前景进行了预测和展望。     

The effects of roasting temperatures on the formation of headspace volatile compounds in perilla seed oil

Volatile compounds of perilla seed oils roasted at different temperatures (150–190°C) were analyzed by dynamic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The headspace volatiles in roasted perilla seed oils (RPSO) were composed of thermally produced flavors and compounds originating from the raw perilla seeds. The roasting temperatures significantly affected the production of thermal reaction flavors. Oils from parilla seeds roasted below 170°C had relatively high concentrations of aldehydes, whereas pyrazines and furans were the predominant volatiles above 170°C. In all of the RPSO, the contents of both perilla aldehyde and perilla ketone remained almost constant and might be used to discriminate perilla seed oils from other roasted vegetable seed oils.     

Synthesis and surface properties of chemodegradable anionic surfactants: Diastereomeric (2-n-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl) sulfates with monovalent counter-ions

Sodium, potassium and ammonium cis- and trans-(2-n-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl) sulfates 6–8 (alkyl: n-C₉H₁₉, 6a–8a, and n-C₁₁H₂₃, 6b–8b) were synthesized in a reaction of aliphatic aldehydes 1a,b with glycerol 2 followed by separation in high yields of individual geometric isomers of cis-and trans-2-n-alkyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxanes, cis-3a,b and trans-3a,b, followed by sulfation with sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex, and finally neutralization with NaOH, KOH, and NH₄OH, respectively. Physical data of the compounds and some surface properties of 2-n-nonyl derivatives, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of aqueous surface tension reduction (Π_CMC), surface excess concentration Γ_CMC, and the surface area demand per molecule (A_CMC), were determined. It was shown that the surface activity of these compounds is influenced both by their geometric structure and by the monovalent counter-ion.     

Cuticular lipids of the booklouse,Liposcelis bostrychophila: hydrocarbons,aldehydes, fatty acids,and fatty acid amides

The booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila, is an increasingly common pest of stored food products worldwide. We report here the cuticular lipid composition of this pest (the first report of the hydrocarbons of any member of the Order Psocoptera and the first report of fatty acid amides as cuticular components for any insect). No unsaturated hydrocarbons were present. A homologous series of n-alkanes (C₂₁–C₃₄), monomethyl alkanes (3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, 9-, 11-, 12-, 13- and 15-methyl-) with a carbon chain range of C₂₈–C₄₂, and dimethyl alkanes (3, 7-; 9, 13-; 11, 15-; 13, 17-; 9, 21-; 11, 19-; and 13, 21-); with a carbon number range of C₃₁–C₄₃ were identified. The relative abundances of these hydrocarbons were low, comprising approximately 0.0125% of total biomass. The amides were a homologous series (C₁₆–C₂₂ in chain length), with the major amide being stearoyl amide. In addition to the amides, free fatty acids (C_16:1, C_16:0, C_18:2, C_18:1, and C_18:0 in chain length) and three straight chain aldehydes (C₁₅, C₁₆, and C_17:1 in chain length) also occurred as cuticular components. These findings are discussed in terms of the chemical and physiological ecology of this species.     

浅谈三种茴香油及工业生产方法

文章主要介绍了三种茴香油(即大茴香油、茴香油、小茴香油)的性质和用途，深加工产品情况及工业生产方法。并详细阐述了工业生产上在常压下用水蒸气蒸馏法来制取大茴香油的工艺过程、主要设备和生产步骤。文章最后对该产品的经济效益和发展前景进行了分析。     

Isolation,Expression, and Characterization of a Hydroperoxide Lyase Gene from Cucumber

A full-length cDNA coding for hydroperoxide lyase (CsHPL) was isolated from cucumber fruits of No. 26 (Southern China type) and No.14-1 (Northern China type), which differed significantly in fruit flavor. The deduced amino acid sequences of CsHPL from both lines show the same and significant similarity to known plant HPLs and contain typical conserved domains of HPLs. The recombinant CsHPL was confirmed to have 9/13-HPL enzymatic activity. Gene expression levels of CsHPL were measured in different organs, especially in fruits of different development stages of both lines. The HPL activities of fruit were identified basing on the catalytic action of crude enzyme extracts incubating with 13-HPOD (13-hydroperoxy-(9Z,12E)-octadecadienoic acid) and 13-HPOD + 9-HPOD (9-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid), and volatile reaction products were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). CsHPL gene expression in No. 26 fruit occurred earlier than that of total HPL enzyme activity and 13-HPL enzyme activity, and that in No. 14-1 fruit was consistent with total HPL enzyme activity and 9-HPL enzyme activity. 13-HPL enzyme activities decreased significantly and the 9-HPL enzyme activities increased significantly with fruit ripening in both lines, which accounted for the higher content of C6 aldehydes at 0–6 day post-anthesis (dpa) and higher content of C9 aldehydes at 9–12 dpa.     

月桂醛和琥珀酸酐接枝改性天然胶原所得产物的表面活性

以月桂醛与琥珀酸酐接枝改性具有三股螺旋结构的天然胶原,得到了一种保留了天然胶原结构的生物表面活性剂(胶原基生物表面活性剂,简称BCB)。研究了BCB的基本表面活性,结果表明,BCB具有较好的泡沫膨胀和泡沫稳定性,其乳化活性(284.08 m2/g)与天然胶原(32.23 m2/g)相比有显著的提高,乳化稳定性和吸油能力也有所提升。BCB的润湿能力随着其浓度的增加而提高,表面张力随存放时间的延长而降低,在质量浓度为5.0×10-3g/L时,表面张力在3 000 s时达到平衡,为52.58 m N/m。研究表明,BCB和天然胶原的乳液类型均为O/W型。     

Effect of processing parameters on the vulcanisation of natural rubber using glutaraldehyde

The process ability of vulcanising natural rubber using glutaraldehyde at low temperature has been studied. The main objective of this work is to improve the properties and stability of natural rubber (NR) using glutaraldehyde as a curing agent. In this study, the vulcanised samples were prepared systematically and compared with sulphur cured natural rubber vulcanisates. The influence of mole ratio of ammonia and glutaraldehyde, and the processing parameters (i.e. curing time and temperature) was investigated. The cured NR based on glutaraldehyde exhibited better hardness and thermal properties than that of the NR cured from conventional sulphur system. The experimental results reveal that the properties of glutaraldehyde cured NR can be developed with the proper additives combination and conditions adopted in the preparation. This cured system is very interesting due to it can be used for high temperature industrial applications. Moreover, it eases of processing at low temperature and cost.