H2 production from methane pyrolysis over commercial carbon catalysts: Kinetic and deactivation study

Hydrogen production from catalytic methane decomposition (DeCH₄) is a simple process to produce high purity hydrogen with no formation of carbon oxides (CO or CO₂). However, to completely avoid those emissions, the catalyst must not be regenerated. Therefore, it is necessary to use inexpensive catalysts, which show low deactivation during the process. Use of carbon materials as catalysts fulfils these requirements.     

Shadow series in the Munsell system

Using an inversion of the Munsell renotation, this article calculates that a colour's shadow series is approximately a straight line in the Munsell system. The line starts at the colour's Munsell specification and ends about one value step below N0, on the neutral axis. The colour's hue in shadow shifts slightly towards the yellow part of the spectrum. The calculations suggest that ideal black belongs at about N(?1) in the Munsell system, rather than at N0, if equality of perceptual steps is to be maintained. Similarly, ideal white should be slightly lighter than N10. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013     

Ethanol-water pulping: Cooking variables optimization

The ethanol-based pulping of Eucalyptus globulus by the ALCELL® process was studied to determine the optimum cooking conditions. In the first set of experiments the influence of chip size, chip impregnation, liquor-to-wood ratio and cooking additives was studied. Once the more convenient values for these variables were established according to kappa number, yield and viscosity, a surface response method was used to determine the influence of cooking temperature, cooking time and ethanol concentration on autocatalyzed pulping process. The developed models indicate that a high screened pulp yield (56%) and acceptable kappa number (23) and viscosity (1030 mL/g) can be obtained when cooking conditions are around 185°C, 110 min and 50% of ethanol.     

印染废水深度处理技术及回用的现状和发展

根据印染废水深度处理及回用现状，介绍了若干深度处理方案，并对其优缺点进行了评述；从环境效益和经济效益双赢的目标出发，提出重视推广综合治理、不断优化的回用方案；继续开发膜集成技术是印染废水回用的研究发展方向。     

工业大麻皮秆分离制浆试生产

在对工业大麻进行皮秆分离单独制浆小试的基础上,得出秆芯单独蒸煮制浆的中试结果:容易备料、原料均匀、杂质含量少,药液渗透均匀、易蒸煮、成浆性好、蒸煮工艺条件稳定。     

天然气制乙炔装置炭黑循环冷却水工艺研究

介绍了天然气制乙炔装置现场循环冷却水系统工艺流程,分析了该工艺存在的环保、运行等问题,提出了技术改造的方向。通过流程改造和优化,提高了天然气制乙炔装置的环境友好性,延长装置的运行时间。     

Membrane performance enhancer evaluations on pilot- and full-scale membrane bioreactors

Recently developed polymeric membrane performance enhancer product, MPE50, was tested in various pilot‐ and full‐scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The Initial MPE50 dosage was determined by visual jar tests and by using various bench‐top filtration tests. Different amounts of MPE50 were dosed, and the particle size and supernatant clarity of the mixed liquor were monitored visually. Bench‐top filtration tests were also conducted. A 50% higher MPE50 dosage is recommended to be added to the pilot/full‐scale bioreactors because, based on experience, some of the soluble microbial products in the mixed liquor do not completely react with polymer during the relatively short bench‐test mixing time interval. With the addition of 400 mg/L MPE50 to a pilot MBR, the design flow was increased twofold without any significant transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase for 1 day. The control TMP surged within a few hours without MPE50. Long‐term field trials in a full‐scale plant also showed a substantial flux increase. In addition to flux enhancement, MPE50 helped to remove foam from the bioreactors and improved plant aesthetics, safety and general operating performance.     

铸钢件黑色磷化工艺的研究

通过对黑色磷化各种工艺因素的研究,确定了铸钢件锰系中温黑色耐磨磷化工艺的最佳方案.采用体视显微镜研究了磷化膜表面微观形貌;采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对磷化膜的厚度和成分进行了测定;采用点蚀法对磷化膜的耐蚀性进行了研究.结果表明,磷化膜性能好,磷化液污染小,便于维护和调整;温度适中,节约能源.本文还对磷化液中各成分作用进行了理论分析.     

镀锌层三价铬黑色钝化工艺的研究

研究了三价铬黑色钝化液组分对钝化层外观和耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:发黑剂对膜层外观影响较大,选择不当可使膜层发花、挂灰;钝化液中添加磷酸(盐)能够显著改善黑色膜层外观.XRF分析表明:膜层成分中含有较大比重的P元素.根据实验结果拟定了镀锌层三价铬黑色钝化工艺,可以得到外观黑亮的膜层,中性盐雾试验出现白锈时间大于96h.     

镀锌层银盐黑色钝化故障处理

给出了镀锌层银盐黑色钝化的工艺流程及配方,介绍了钝化液中各组分的作用。分析了钝化过程中的常见故障及解决方法,提出了钝化时的注意事项。