产功能性胞外多糖及DL-乳酸的植物乳杆菌的高效发酵和应用

植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)是一种多功能乳酸菌,所产胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides, EPS)具有很多优良功能特性。但发酵生产EPS时,原料和操作成本高,EPS产量低限制了其工业化应用。该研究在5 L罐中,使用常规流加发酵、生物催化、生物催化结合液液萃取和基于pH-Stat自动流加葡萄糖法的反复生物催化等策略发酵,旨在提高EPS产量、降低原料和操作成本。其中,生物催化法仅使用葡萄糖即可将EPS质量浓度提升至3.34 g/L,较摇瓶发酵水平提高110%。使用基于pH-Stat自动流加葡萄糖法的反复生物催化策略,可以连续回用各反复发酵中的残存细胞,第2次反复发酵批次的EPS质量浓度达到3.33 g/L。由于在收集处理细胞时,细胞总量下降,导致EPS产量下降,但EPS/细胞量不变,细胞活性稳定。可以通过加大首批次发酵的装液量、提高细胞总量,解决EPS产量不断下降的问题。用基于pH-Stat法的反复生物催化策略进行EPS发酵,提升了EPS产量,省去了昂贵MRS培养基的使用,降低了原料成本,实现了自动化控制。该发酵策略还可联产具有一定价值的副产物4...     

玉米须多糖发酵工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以黑木耳（Auricularia auricula）为菌种发酵玉米须制备多糖,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化其发酵工艺条件,并考察玉米须多糖体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,玉米须最佳发酵工艺为：接种量8%、发酵温度26℃、发酵时间7 d。此优化条件下多糖的含量为13.12 mg/L。玉米须多糖的红外光谱分析结果表明,其具有糖类物质的特征吸收峰,对羟基自由基（·OH）和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基（DPPH·）最大清除率分别为34.5%和43.3%,实验表明其具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

淀粉模板法辅助合成二氧化锰纳米棒及其电容特性研究

以淀粉为模板,结合浸渍-煅烧法合成了MnO2纳米棒,对产物晶型结构、形貌大小和电容特性等进行表征。测试结果表明所得样品为α-MnO2纳米棒,其平均直径为20 nm左右,平均长度约为75 nm。在1.0 mol/L的Na2SO4电解液中,01.0V电位区间内,充放电电流为2.0、5.0、10.0 mA时,所制备的α-MnO2放电比电容分别达到了186、120、90 F/g。2 mA恒流充放电1 000次后,MnO2的放电比容量保持率为91%。     

冷电弧在大枣多糖脱色中的应用

采用填料型冷电弧装置对大枣多糖溶液进行了脱色研究。在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验,确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明:填充有平均粒径3.01mm活性氧化铝的冷电弧装置,当糖液质量浓度为50g/L时,在18kV的电压下脱色30min,脱色效果最好,脱色率为57.0%,糖损失率为9.82%。     

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis

BACKGROUND: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), isolated with boiling water from the famous Chinese medicinal herb Lycium barbarum fruits, is one of the most important functional constituents in Lycium barbarum. In this study the effects of LBP on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) were investigated. RESULTS: LBP could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells by changing cell cycle distribution and inducing apoptosis. In addition, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ_m) was observed by flow cytometry and the increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope in apoptotic cells. At the same time, the nitric oxide content, nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities were also increased. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of LBP on the proliferation of HeLa cells was caused by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The results showed that LBP can be developed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent candidate against human cervical cancer. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Characterisation of soy extract processed under different drying methods and extraction conditions

Soybean extract (SE), enriched in soy soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), was evaluated in three different conditions varying in extraction temperature and drying process: SE‐A ?80 °C, freeze‐dried, SE‐B ?80 °C, spray‐dried, SE‐C ?95 °C, spray‐dried. Spray‐dried SE presented lower moisture content, smaller and more uniform particles. In addition, zeta potential showed the same negative surface charge for all extracts showing the prevailing behaviour of SSPS. Moreover, all biopolymers were composed of three main molecular weight (Mw) fractions, but the Mw distribution was different between the three ingredients, reflecting their rheological behaviour in aqueous solution. Higher mean Mw led to enhanced apparent viscosity observed in neutral and acid pH for SE‐A, followed by ‐B and ‐C, respectively. The inverse behaviour was observed for intrinsic viscosity at neutral pH. However, SE‐C showed lower intrinsic viscosity at acid pH, which was attributed to protein–polysaccharide interaction presents in the solution.     

Preparation,characterisation, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of the novel polysaccharides from the pileus of Dictyophora rubrovolvata

The polysaccharides from the pileus of Dictyophora rubrovolvata (DPP) were extracted by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) and the operating parameters were optimised by orthogonal experiment. The polysaccharides were separated and purified by DEAE‐52 and Sephadex G‐100 column chromatography to obtain two fractions of DPP‐1s and DPP‐2s. The average of molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of DPP‐1s and DPP‐2s were investigated. The results showed DPP‐1s and DPP‐2s had high inhibitory effects on oxidation and glycation, and DPP‐2s showed stronger bioactivity than DPP‐1s, which might be due to their differences in the molecular weight and uronic acid content. Furthermore, the UV and FTIR spectra were used to evaluate the characterisations of DPP‐2s, which demonstrated that DPP‐2s had no protein and nuclear acid with the pyranose ring structure. This study indicated that DPP‐2s could be used as a source of natural antioxidant and antiglycation components.     

Rheological properties and gel characteristics of polysaccharides from fruit-bodies of Sparassis crispa

Rheological properties and gel characteristics of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) were investigated under various concentrations, temperature, pH, salt concentrations, and sucrose concentrations. SCP solutions behaved as shear thinning pseudoplastic fluids; apparent viscosity increased with concentrations but decreased with extreme conditions and was highest for 1% SCPs at 80 ℃ under neutral conditions; 5% SCPs solutions formed a hysteresis loop and exhibited thixotropic properties. By oscillatory measurements, SCPs were viscoelastic materials. 0.5% and 1% SCPs solutions exhibited viscous behavior at low frequency and enhanced elastic property with the oscillation frequency increased. With the concentration increased to 3% and 5%, the elastic property was predominant in solutions and exhibited gel-like behavior. SCPs gel textural properties and water holding capacity increased with concentration (to 20%) and decreased with salinity, extreme sucrose, and pH. 10% SCPs gels were optimized at 10% sucrose in neutral conditions. Thus, these results implied SCPs had the potential utilization as a new hydrocolloid source in food industries.     

Derivatized Polysaccharides: Preparation,Characterization, and Application as Bioadhesive Polymer for Drug Delivery

Derivatization of a natural polysaccharide, tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), was carried out. Both cationic and anionic derivatives of TSP were prepared, characterized, and their degree of substitution was determined. Films prepared using derivatives were evaluated for their swelling potential and bioadhesive strength. The carboxymethyl and sulfate derivatives were showed higher swelling index and required higher force of detachment compared to native gum thus, indicating that introduction of carboxymethyl, sulfate, and amine groups in TSP can increase the bioadhesive strength. The results suggested that anionic and cationic derivatives can be employed for formulation of bioadhesive drug delivery systems.