从皂浆废液中提取核苷酸

研究了采用离子交换层析技术从皂浆废液中提取核苷酸的最佳条件,实验表明,用2 mol/L的NaOH溶液将样品调至pH=9,流速控制在1.0 mL/min,依次用0.02 mol/L甲酸溶液,0.15 mol/L甲酸溶液,0.01 mol/L甲酸—0.05 mol/L甲酸钠溶液,0.1 mol/L甲酸—0.1 mol/L甲酸钠溶液洗脱时,条件最佳,核苷酸的提取率是86.70%。     

Effect of allicin and its mechanism of action in purine removal in turbot

Low-purine food is not only the focus of gout patients, but also the focus of contemporary green diet development. Fish are usually considered as high-purine foodstuff because of the high nutritional value and high purine content. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce purine content in fish to ensure that they are suitable for patients with hyperuricemia or gout. In this study, the effect of allicin on purine reduction in turbot during cooking was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the change of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was also studied. Molecular docking analysis was further performed to elucidate the mechanism of purine reduction by allicin. The results revealed that in the step of soaking, allicin could reduce purine content in fish by slightly enhancing XO activity, promoting hypoxanthine transformation into xanthine. The removal of total purines in experimental and control group reached 70.45% and 57.20%, respectively. Moreover, allicin could change the thermal stability of xanthine by providing an acidic environment, resulting in the rapid decrease of xanthine and hypoxanthine levels by boiling. Thus, this study provides a simple method to decrease purine levels, suggesting a possibility that allicin can function as a purine remover in food.     

Reactions of hydroxymethyl derivatives of uric acid with oxiranes. I. Synthesis of polyetherols with purine rings

Preliminary results on the utilization of uric acid in the synthesis of a new group of polyetherols with purine rings are presented. The polyetherols were prepared in a two‐stage process. First, hydroxymethyl derivatives of uric acid were obtained from an uric acid and formaldehyde solution. This intermediate was then reacted with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide without any additional solvent. The structure of the intermediates and polyetherols and some of their physical properties were determined, and the possibilities of application of the polyetherols in manufacturing thermostable polyurethane foams were tested. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2667–2677, 2000     

Cloning of the Candida albicans nucleoside transporter by complementation of nucleoside transport-deficient Saccharomyces

The nucleoside permease gene (i.e. NUP) from Candida albicans was cloned by complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in nucleoside transport capability. The permease transported adenosine and guanosine and was sensitive to the mammalian nucleoside transport inhibitors: dipyridamole and NBMPR. It did not transport uridine, cytidine, adenine, guanine or uracil. The inability to transport uridine indicated that the NUP gene product was different from the Candida uridine permease, which also transported cytosine and adenosine. The NUP gene coded for a protein of 407 amino acids in size which was approximately the size of the human, Giardia and E. coli nucleoside permeases. It did not, however, exhibit any significant degree of homology with these transporters. The GenBank accession number for the Candida NUP gene is AF016246. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2-氨基-6-卤代嘌呤的合成

2-氨基-6-卤代嘌呤是重要的核苷类药物的中间体。以鸟嘌呤为原料,通过乙酰化制得N2.9-二乙酰鸟嘌呤(Ⅰ),收率95.8%。氯化水解得到2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤(Ⅱa),收率75.8%。通过卤素交换制得2-氨基-6-氟嘌呤(Ⅱb)、2-氨基-6-溴嘌呤(Ⅱc)和2-氨基-6-碘嘌呤(Ⅱd),其收率分别为39.5%,87.2%和91.5%。用元素分析,核磁共振光谱,质谱,红外光谱对产物进行了分析,证明所得产物为目标化合物。重点研究了2-氨基-6-氟嘌呤(Ⅱb)的合成,最佳工艺条件为:n(Ⅱa)∶n(KF)=1∶5,硝基苯为溶剂,m(硝基苯)∶m(Ⅱa)=21∶1,四苯基溴化膦为相转移催化剂,m(四苯基溴化膦)∶m(Ⅱa)=1∶17,反应温度为190℃。     

Hyper expression of kojibiose phosphorylase gene and trehalose phosphorylase gene from Thermoanaerobacter brockii ATCC35047 in Bacillus subtilis and selaginose synthesis utilizing two phosphorylases

The kojibiose phosphorylase (KP) gene and trehalose phosphorylase (TP) gene from Thermoanaerobacter brockii ATCC35047 were intracellularly hyper-expressed under the control of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase promoter in Bacillus subtilis. The production yields were estimated to be 2.1 g of KP and 4.9 g of TP per liter of medium. Selaginose, non-reducing trisaccharide, was synthesized from trehalose utilizing the recombinant KP and TP from B. subtilis. Selaginose was not hydrolyzed by salivary amylase, artificial gastric juice, pancreatic amylase, or small intestinal enzymes.     

Allelic isoforms of the H+/nucleoside co-transporter (CaCNT) from Candida albicans reveal separate high- and low-affinity transport systems for nucleosides

Contigs 19-10196 and 19-20196 of the Stanford Candida albicans genome sequence databank encode two putative allelic isoforms of C. albicans CaCNT, a recently characterized 608 amino acid residue H+-coupled fungal member of the CNT family of concentrative nucleoside transport proteins. The single Ser/Gly difference between CaCNT/19-20196 and CaCNT occurs at position 328 in putative TM 7, and corresponds to a Ser/Gly substitution previously shown to contribute to the contrasting pyrimidine and purine nucleoside selectivities of human (h) and rat (r) Na+-dependent CNT1 and CNT2. CaCNT/19-10196 differs from CaCNT by four amino acids, but has Gly at position 328. These new proteins were recreated by site-directed mutagenesis of CaCNT and characterized functionally by heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. In marked contrast to h/rCNT1/2, both CaCNT/19-10196 and CaCNT/19-20196 exhibited permeant selectivities for purine nucleosides (adenosine, guanosine and inosine) and uridine similar to that of CaCNT. However, although H+-coupled, CaCNT/19-20196 exhibited a approximately 10-fold higher apparent Km for uridine than either CaCNT or CaCNT/19-10196. CaCNT/19-20196 also exhibited a low apparent affinity for inosine. We conclude that the three proteins correspond to high-affinity (CaCNT, CaCNT/19-10196) and low-affinity (CaCNT/19-20196) allelic isoforms of the C. albicans CNT nucleoside transporter. This is the first example of a single amino acid residue substitution altering a CNT protein's overall apparent affinity for nucleosides.     

米多霉素衍生物的生物合成及结构鉴定

通过在龟裂链轮丝菌（Streptoverticillium rimofaciens ZJU 5119）的发酵过程中添加5-氟胞嘧啶，得到了一种新的核苷类化合物A.通过电喷雾质谱及核磁共振氢谱分析主要信号的归属，推测化合物A是米多霉素的衍生物，区别在于嘧啶环上第5位的取代基是F，而米多霉素则是羟甲基.发酵液中化合物A的产量达到了0.8 g/L.化合物A的最低抑菌质量浓度为0.157 g/L，只有米多霉素的一半.