Tyrian Purple Precursors in the Egg Masses of the Australian Muricid, Dicathais orbita: A Possible Defensive Role

We report a putative defensive role for the precursors of Tyrian purple in the egg masses of the Australian muricid, Dicathais orbita. The fresh egg masses contain a high proportion of tyrindoleninone, which reacts to form tyriverdin and subsequently Tyrian purple and 6-bromoisatin as the eggs develop and the larvae hatch. Antimicrobial testing revealed that tyrindoleninone is toxic to both marine and human pathogens at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Tyriverdin inhibits the growth of two marine pathogens, as well as the yeast Candida albicans at 0.001 mg/ml and was effectively bacteriostatic at 0.0005 mg/ml against three human pathogenic bacteria. Tyriverdin did not appear to significantly lyse the microbial cells. 6-Bromoisatin has mild antimicrobial properties, whereas Tyrian purple exhibited no significant activity. The antimicrobial properties of these compounds and changes in their presence during egg development correlates with ripening in the egg masses of D. orbita. This is the first report of the chemical ripening of eggs in a marine environment.     

Chemistry of Secondary Polyphenols Produced during Processing of Tea and Selected Foods

This review will discuss recent progress in the chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during food processing. The production mechanism of the secondary polyphenols in black tea, whisky, cinnamon, and persimmon fruits will be introduced. In the process of black tea production, tea leaf catechins are enzymatically oxidized to yield a complex mixture of oxidation products, including theaflavins and thearubigins. Despite the importance of the beverage, most of the chemical constituents have not yet been confirmed due to the complexity of the mixture. However, the reaction mechanisms at the initial stages of catechin oxidation are explained by simple quinone–phenol coupling reactions. In vitro model experiments indicated the presence of interesting regio- and stereoselective reactions. Recent results on the reaction mechanisms will be introduced. During the aging of whisky in oak wood barrels, ellagitannins originating from oak wood are oxidized and react with ethanol to give characteristic secondary ellagitannins. The major part of the cinnamon procyanidins is polymerized by copolymerization with cinnamaldehyde. In addition, anthocyanidin structural units are generated in the polymer molecules by oxidation which accounts for the reddish coloration of the cinnamon extract. This reaction is related to the insolubilization of proanthocyanidins in persimmon fruits by condensation with acetaldehyde. In addition to oxidation, the reaction of polyphenols with aldehydes may be important in food processing.     

浅淡宜兴紫砂花货塑器艺术造型

简要分析了宜兴紫砂花货塑器艺术造型的特点,概述了紫砂陶手工成型的制作方法及其精加工过程。     

Effects of Cu(Ⅱ） or Zn（Ⅱ） on photodegradation of some toxic organic compounds in wastewater by using TiO2 as catalyst

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茶树油的分子蒸馏精制及其GC/MS分析

利用新型、特殊分离技术——分子蒸馏对茶树油进行精制,并对精制后的茶树油进行GC/MS定性分析及其总离子流图的面积归一法定量分析。结果从粗茶树油中分离出了61种化合物,鉴定出36种组分,占总量的98.67%,其中4-松油醇高达49.56%,并且精制的茶树油符合国际标准(ISO 4730-1996)。     

超声波协助提取茶多酚的工艺研究

研究了在超声波协助下采用正交设计法优选茶多酚的提取工艺。结果表明,影响茶多酚提取率的最佳工艺条件为:浸提温度70℃;时间1.5 h;料液比20∶1;乙醇浓度70%。影响茶多酚含量的最佳工艺条件为:浸提温度80℃;时间1.5 h;料液比15∶1;乙醇浓度70%。这些结果为改善茶多酚的提取条件提供了实验基础。     

使用茶油制取液体洗涤剂增稠剂

茶油经精炼后,与甲醇反应合成茶油酸甲酯,经高、低温两步酰胺化合成高活性物含量,即酰胺含量(88％)的茶油酸二乙醇酰胺,产率达 99％。对其增稠,去污与稳泡性能进行测定,从而得出茶油酸二乙醇酰胺具有良好的增稠性和去污力,是椰子油酸二乙醇酰胺的良好代用品,且经济价值极高。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定茶多酚中的As、Hg和Pb

建立了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定茶多酚中微量As、Hg和Pb的方法。采用HNO3-HClO4湿法消解样品,研究酸度、KBH4浓度、载气流速、基体改进剂等条件对原子荧光信号强度的影响。测定结果显示,As、Hg和Pb的检出限(3")分别为0.39、0.037和0.78#g.L-1,相对标准偏差分别为1.08、2.56和2.93%(n=11),加标回收率均为80~105%。综上,该方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点,可用于茶多酚中微量As、Hg和Pb的测定。     

明胶蛋白在涤纶茶色素染色中的应用

仿生整理是现在织物整理的热点课题,但对于茶多酚上染涤纶织物的研究较少,本文立足这一目标进行深入研究。采用将涤纶织物进行碱减量处理,利用戊二醛交联剂,使得明胶蛋白质能够附着到涤纶织物表面,并结合牢固。通过分析叶干重浓度、pH、染色温度、染色时间四个影响因素对织物K/S值的影响,选出处理织物的最佳染色工艺,并对其做色牢度测试,结果显示其耐磨擦色牢度提高1~1.5个等级,耐水洗牢度提高0.5~1个等级,耐晒牢度提高2个等级。     

高效液相色谱测定茶叶中多菌灵的残留

运用高效液相色谱对混配质量比分别为2∶1和1∶1的多菌灵-多抗霉素(400mg/L)及对照药剂多菌灵(500mg/L)和空白对照处理的多菌灵残留进行了检测。结果表明:2种复配制剂在成品茶叶中残留的多菌灵含量分别为21.4355、0μg/kg,而对照药剂和空白对照的残留含量为分别28.9060、0μg/kg,样品的添加回收率达到了72.85%～90.51%,标准误差在0.05～0.12之间。